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中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (17): 172-175.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120038

所属专题: 农业气象

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

雷电引起接触电压、跨步电压导致生物伤害的损害概率计算方法探析

冯鹤   

  1. 河北省防雷中心
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-07 修回日期:2015-12-31 接受日期:2016-01-14 出版日期:2016-06-20 发布日期:2016-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 冯鹤
  • 基金资助:
    无基金

Calculation Method for Injury Probability of Living Beings

  • Received:2015-12-07 Revised:2015-12-31 Accepted:2016-01-14 Online:2016-06-20 Published:2016-06-20

摘要: 为了提高人员生命损失风险计算的针对性、准确性,为人工接地装置安全布设提出建设性的指导意见,通过对人工接地装置泄流时接触电压、跨步电压的计算方法的分析,确定了人工接地体泄流时接触电压、跨步电压导致人身伤亡的损害概率的定量计算方法。计算时,通过对接触电压、跨步电压计算值与人体耐受接触电压、跨步电压阈值的比较分析,确定能达到该阈值的最小雷电流幅值,再通过对项目所在位置雷电活动特征的分析,确定可能超过灾害阈值对应的雷电流幅值,即可能产生风险的雷电流所占的频率,认为该频率即为接触电压、跨步电压导致生物伤害的损害概率。对人工接地装置接触电压、跨步电压的计算以垂直接地极为例,同时考虑了冲击电流较工频电流对计算方法的影响。

关键词: 棉花产量, 棉花产量, 增温, 灌溉量, 气候变化, 生物量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: In order to improve the scientific and accuracy of calculation for risk of loss of a human life, and to give constructive guidance opinion to safety arrangement of manual grounding devices,by analysising on calculation method of touch and step voltages when leakage current by manual grounding devices,determined the quantitative calculation method of the probability of injury to living beings caused by electric shock due to touch and step voltages.In calculation,by the comparative analysis between the calculated value of touch and step voltages and threshold value of human discomfort tolerance to touch and step voltages to determination the minimum lightning current amplitude in order to reach the threshold value,and by the analysis on characteristic of thunderbolt activity at the location of the project to determination the lightning current amplitude exceeding to corresponding to threshold value,that is the proportion of the lightning current producing risk,and holds that the proportion is probability of injury to living beings caused by electric shock due to touch and step voltages. Calculation of ouch and step voltages to artificial ground substance with vertical grounding rod as exemple,and the influence of the different between impulse current and power current is considered.

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