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中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (29): 135-139.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030143

所属专题: 农业气象

• 工程 机械 水利 装备 • 上一篇    下一篇

强寒潮天气南方塑料大棚防御冰冻灾害措施

魏莎莎1,李清斌1,孙军波1,杨 栋2,符国槐1,张海添1   

  1. (1慈溪市气象局,浙江慈溪 315300;2宁波市气象局,浙江宁波 315012)
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-22 修回日期:2017-10-17 接受日期:2017-08-10 出版日期:2017-10-24 发布日期:2017-10-24
  • 通讯作者: 魏莎莎
  • 基金资助:
    宁波市科技局项目“有效改善农业大棚栽培中小气候环境的研究与预报服务模式的开发”(2011C50020);浙江省气象局青年项目“设施草莓气候品质模型构建与应用”(2014QN24)。

Preventing Frozen Disaster in Plastic Greenhouse in South China

Wei Shasha1, Li Qingbin1, Sun Junbo1, Yang Dong2, Fu Guohuai1, Zhang Haitian1   

  1. (1Meteorological Bureau of Cixi, Cixi Zhejiang 315300; 2Meteorological Bureau of Ningbo, Ningbo Zhejiang 315012)
  • Received:2017-03-22 Revised:2017-10-17 Accepted:2017-08-10 Online:2017-10-24 Published:2017-10-24

摘要: 本研究通过对安装在南方地区常见塑料钢管大棚内的自动气象站和棚内栽培作物生长状况的观测数据进行分析,以对比在强寒潮天气背景下,大棚2层保温膜+增温补光灯+遮阴网(Ⅰ)和3层保温膜+遮阴网(Ⅱ)2种保温措施的增温效果优劣。结果表明,采用保温措施(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)可分别将棚内温度提升(8.6±2.5)℃和(6.2±1.1)℃,措施(Ⅰ)增温效果更显著。同时,对近3年冬春季多层覆盖大棚的温度数据进行分析,发现当外界气温降至-5~0℃以下时,2层棚膜保温可使棚内作物冠层(0.5 m)增温6.1~6.5℃,3层棚膜保温可使棚内作物冠层(0.5 m)增温6.9~7.2℃,可保证夜间大棚内温度在0℃以上。综上分析,结合设施大棚作物生理特性,构建了一套南方塑料大棚抵御低温冰冻灾害的气象指标和防御技术措施集。

关键词: 凯氏定氮法, 凯氏定氮法, 杜马斯燃烧法, 土壤, 比较

Abstract: [Objective][Method] To explore the greenhouse warming effect of different insulation measures (Ⅰ: double-layer plastic-covered Warming lights Shaded net, Ⅱ: three-layer plastic-covered Shaded net) under the influence of strong cold wave, the comparative analysis of meteorological elements and crop growth status in the greenhouse in the south was carried out under different insulation measures. [Result] The results indicated that: greenhouse temperature could be increased by 8.6±2.5℃ and 6.2±1.1℃ when insulation measures Ⅰ and Ⅱ had been employed, respectively. When the outside temperature dropped to -5~0℃ below, the temperature of crop canopy (0.5 m) in double-layer and three-layer plastic-covered greenhouse could be increased by 6.1~6.5℃ and 6.9~7.2℃, respectively. [Conclusion] According to this result, a set of meteorological indexes and preventive measures of low temperature in greenhouse were set up. Based on the insulation performance analysis and physiological characteristics of greenhouse crops, the meteorological indicators and defensive technical measures were built to withstand low temperature freezing disaster for southern plastic greenhouses.

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