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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (27): 111-117.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040068

所属专题： 玉米

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

秸秆还田不同处理对土壤理化性状及玉米产量影响的研究

刘文国,赵强,杨艳美   

  1. 杨凌职业技术学院,甘肃省镇原县农技中心,甘肃省镇原县农技中心
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-16 修回日期:2018-05-11 接受日期:2018-05-24 出版日期:2018-09-19 发布日期:2018-09-19
  • 通讯作者: 刘文国
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省教育厅专项科学研究计划项目“猕猴桃黄化病机理及防治技术的研究”(16JK1873)。

Straw Returning: Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Maize Yield

  • Received:2018-04-16 Revised:2018-05-11 Accepted:2018-05-24 Online:2018-09-19 Published:2018-09-19

摘要： 为了研究不同处理条件下秸秆还田对土壤理化性状、玉米产量的影响，通过田间随机区组试验，秋季玉米收获后测定产量，同时在各试验小区内，S形采集土壤样品，实验室按照土壤指标对应的测定方法，测定土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾、pH等指标，对各指标数据和玉米产量进行方差分析法。结果表明：秸秆还田后，使用腐熟剂土壤有机质、全钾含量显著提高，但对土壤全氮、全磷、有效磷、速效钾含量及土壤容重、pH没有影响，对玉米产量也没有影响；覆膜后土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、速效钾含量显著提高，土壤容重显著降低，但秸秆不还田覆膜对土壤全磷没有影响。秸秆还田极显著提高土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾含量，极显著降低土壤容重。秸秆还田玉米增产极显著，在不覆膜条件下，比对照增产率为9.7%；覆膜能够大幅度提高玉米产量，不还田覆膜比对照增产率达48.8%，秸秆还田覆膜增产率可达59.1%，因此，覆膜和秸秆还田都能极显著提高玉米产量，以覆膜增产率较大。总之，覆膜是黄土高原地区很重要的一项增产措施，建议该地区玉米生产推广秸秆还田覆膜并使用腐熟剂模式。

关键词: 抗除草剂, 抗除草剂, 乙酰-CoA羧化酶, 系统发育, 谷子

Abstract: To study the effect of straw returning on soil physical and chemical properties and maize yield under different treatments, through a randomized block test in field, the yield of maize was measured after harvest in autumn, and the soil samples were collected by S shape in each experimental plot. The indexes of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH were measured according to the corresponding method in the boratory, and the data of each index and yield were analyzed by variance analysis. The results showed that the content of soil organic matter and total potassium increased significantly with decomposing agent after the straw returned to field, but there was no effect on the content of soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available P, available K, and volume weight of soil, pH, and yield of maize. The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium increased significantly after the film mulching, and the volume weight of soil decreased significantly, however under condition of film mulching with no straw returning, there was no effect on soil total phosphorus. Straw returning significantly increased soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus and available potassium, and significantly reduced the volume weight of soil. The yield of maize increased significantly after straw returning to field. Under the condition of no film mulching, the yield increased by 9.7% compare with that of the control. The film mulching could greatly increase the yield of maize, and the yield increased by 48.8%, and the increasing yield could reach 59.1% with film mulching after the straw returned to field. Therefore, film mulching and straw returning can significantly increase the yield of maize, and the increasing yield with film mulching is higher than that of straw returning. In short, plastic mulching is an important measure for increasing yield in the Loess Plateau and straw returning with film mulching and decomposing agent should be popularized in maize production.