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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (16): 135-142.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19040058

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

复合生防菌剂防控香蕉枯萎病发生的效果探讨

孙杰1,2(), 马凤娟1,3, 解开治1, 徐培智1,2(), 顾文杰1, 卢钰升1, 李夏1, 孙丽丽1   

  1. 1.广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广州 510640
    2.华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉 430070
    3.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-15 修回日期:2019-07-16 出版日期:2020-06-05 发布日期:2020-05-20
  • 基金资助:
    广东省应用型科技研发专项“基于 ‘微生物+’的营养、防病、促生、抗逆多功能生物肥料制备与产业化”(2016B020234004);广州市科技计划 项目“城市近郊菜场土壤抗生素微生物原位消解技术研究与应用”(201607010062);广东省科技计划项目“氨氧化古菌在赤红壤硝化过程的作用及功 能多样性研究”(2016A030313776);广东省科技计划项目“农田典型有机污染物微生物修复关键技术研究与示范”(2017B020203002);广东省科技计 划项目“广东省固体废物（垃圾）资源化设备产业技术创新联盟”(2017B090907012);广东省省级科技计划项目“基于药、肥双效的新型有机营养微生 物制剂创制及产业化”(2017B020233002);广东省省级科技计划项目“广东惜福环保科技有限公司科技特派员工作站建设”(2017A090905043)

Effect of Compound Biocontrol Agents on the Occurrence of Banana Fusarium Wilt

Sun Jie1,2(), Ma Fengjuan1,3, Xie Kaizhi1, Xu Peizhi1,2(), Gu Wenjie1, Lu Yusheng1, Li Xia1, Sun Lili1   

  1. 1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong, 510640
    2.College of Natural Resource and Environment Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
    3.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2019-04-15 Revised:2019-07-16 Online:2020-06-05 Published:2020-05-20

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摘要：

香蕉枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense,Foc)引起的毁灭性土传病害,在国内香蕉主产区持续暴发,使香蕉产业健康发展受到严重威胁和挑战,而利用生防菌进行防治是主要的防治对策和研究热点之一。平板对峙试验表明,自主筛选复配的复合生防菌剂(Trichoderma viride. XP1,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. XP2)对Foc具有显著的抑菌效果。为进一步验证其作用效果,拟通过盆栽试验探讨复配复合生防菌剂防控香蕉枯萎病发生的效果,为其生物防治机制提供理论支撑。试验采用4个处理,分别为对照(CK)处理,接种灭活Foc4-GFP (100 mL)+灭活复合生防菌剂(500 mL);T1处理,接种Foc4-GFP (100 mL)+灭活复合生防菌剂(500 mL);T2处理,接种Foc4-GFP (100 mL)+复合生防菌剂(100 mL)+灭活复合生防菌剂(400 mL);T3处理,接种Foc4-GFP (100 mL)+复合生防菌剂(500 mL)。测定香蕉植株体内抗氧化酶、细胞壁降解酶的活性和致病毒素含量变化,调查香蕉植株的叶片数、株高、假茎直径、根系长度及发病指数。结果表明,接种复合生防菌剂的处理显著降低香蕉抗氧化性酶和细胞壁降解酶的酶活性(P<0.05)。可显著减少香蕉枯萎病致病毒素在香蕉体内的含量,接种复合生防菌剂的T2和T3处理香蕉假茎中镰刀菌酸(FA)、白僵菌素(BEA)和恩镰孢菌素(EB)的含量分别较T1处理降低93.31%、93.64%、94.71%和94.56%、95.76%、97.87%。接种复合生防菌剂在有效防控香蕉枯萎病发生的同时,可显著促进植株的生长,T2和T3处理香蕉枯萎病防治效果分别达81.7%和95.0%。接种复合生防菌剂能有效防控香蕉枯萎病,使香蕉体内CAT、POD、PAL、CMC、PME活性处于较低水平,极显著降低香蕉枯萎病致病毒素含量,防控效果达81.7%以上。

关键词: 香蕉枯萎病, 生防菌剂, 酶活性, 致病毒素, 防效

Abstract:

Fusarium wilt of banana, popularly known as Panama disease, is a lethal fungal disease caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Recently, China’s banana production has been seriously threatened by the emergence of Fusarium wilt in the major production regions. It is believed that the biological control of this disease is an alternative to the chemical fungicides and other conventional control methods. The application potential of this biological control technique is greatly supported by our previous study, and the results of in vitro antagonistic activity test indicated that the combination of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma viride. XP1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. XP2) exhibited significant bacteriostatic effect on Foc. The objective of our current study is to further assay the effects of multiple biocontrol bacteria on Fusarium wilt through pot experiment, thereby providing the theoretical support for the biocontrol mechanism of Fusarium wilt. The experiment is a randomized complete block design with four treatments: control (CK) treatment: inoculating inactivated Foc4-GFP (100 mL)+ inactivated compound biological agent (500 mL), T1 treatment: inoculating Foc4-GFP (100 mL)+ inactivated compound biocontrol agent (500 mL), T2 treatment: inoculating Foc4-GFP (100 mL)+ compound biocontrol agent (100 mL)+ inactivated compound biocontrol agent (400 mL), T3 treatment: inoculating Foc4-GFP (100 mL)+ compound biocontrol agent (500 mL). The activities of antioxidant enzyme and cell wall degrading enzyme, content of nosotoxin, leaf number, plant height, cauloid diameter, root system length and disease index of banana seedlings were measured. The seedlings inoculated with mixed biocontrol bacteria had significantly lower activities of antioxidant enzyme, cell wall degrading enzyme, and the content of nosotoxin than those of control treatment (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the content of fusarium acid (FA), beauvericin (BEA) and enniatine (EB) of banana seedlings of T2 and T3 treatments were reduced by 93.31%, 93.64%, 94.71% and 94.56%, 95.76%, 97.87% compared with T1 treatment, respectively. The inoculation of mixed biocontrol bacteria showed positive effects on Fusarium wilt resistance and growth of banana plants, and the control efficiency of T2 and T3 treatments on banana Fusarium wilt was up to 81.7% and 95.0%, respectively. The biocontrol technique via inoculating mixed bacteria strains could be a good choice to control banana Fusarium wilt, reduce the activities of CAT, POD, PAL, CMC and PME, and remarkably decrease the content of nosotoxin in banana seedlings, achieving the control efficiency of 81.7%.

Key words: banana Fusarium wilt, biocontrol agents, enzyme activity, pathotoxin, control effect

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