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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (23): 142-150.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400054

所属专题: 水产渔业 水稻

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于‘罗氏沼虾’养殖尾水灌溉条件下稻田养分利用效能提升技术研究

徐荣1(), 朱凌宇1, 王守红2(), 毕建花2, 张家宏1, 王桂良2, 寇祥明2, 吴雷明2, 韩光明2, 唐鹤军2   

  1. 1江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州 225007
    2江苏省生态农业工程技术中心,江苏扬州 225007
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-27 修回日期:2019-06-27 出版日期:2020-08-15 发布日期:2020-08-13
  • 通讯作者: 王守红
  • 作者简介:徐荣,男,1988年出生,江苏仪征人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事固体废弃物资源化利用等领域研究。通信地址:225007 扬州市小官桥路6号 江苏省生态农业工程技术中心,Tel:0514-87300565,E-mail: realmaridreal@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    2017年江苏省社会发展(面上)项目“稻田湿地消纳养殖池塘富营养化水的技术集成及示范”(BE2017688);2017年扬州市社会发展(面上)项目“稻田高效利用养殖池塘富营养化水的技术集成及示范”(YZ2017093);2018年扬州市市级计划(社会发展)项目“基于水生作物田消纳罗氏沼虾养殖尾水的关键技术研究及示范推广”(YZ2018069)

The Enhancement of Nutrient Utility Efficiency in Paddy Field Based on Tail Water Irrigation of ‘Macrobrachium Rosenbergii’ Aquiculture

Xu Rong1(), Zhu Lingyu1, Wang Shouhong2(), Bi Jianhua2, Zhang Jiahong1, Wang Guiliang2, Kou Xiangming2, Wu Leiming2, Han Guangming2, Tang Hejun2   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Lixiahe Region in Jiangsu, Yangzhou Jiangsu 225007
    2Jiangsu Research & Engineering Center for Ecological Agriculture, Yangzhou Jiangsu 225007
  • Received:2019-04-27 Revised:2019-06-27 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2020-08-13
  • Contact: Wang Shouhong

摘要:

为了实现稻田消纳罗氏沼虾养殖尾水过程中水稻稳产及养分利用效率最大化,设置CK(空白对照)、BC(添加生物炭)、TG(添加土壤改良液)、BT(生物炭及土壤改良液分别减半)4个处理,依据养分运移状况及水稻生长指标的比较,筛选适宜材料类型。结果表明,BC、TG及BT的添加对表层土壤(0~10cm)TN累积、土壤(0~25cm)TP累积及养分损失,BC、TG对土壤(0~25cm)TN累积及养分损失均存在正面效应;TG显著促进表层土壤(0~10 cm)NO3 -累积(P<0.05);除BC外,其他材料的养分表聚作用均促使TN、TP向根部运移(P<0.05);BT处理中灌浆期叶绿素含量显著高于TG和CK(P<0.05),材料处理组在第一节间长度均显著低于CK(P<0.05),其余处理间的差异性均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。各处理的理论和实际产量间的差异性均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。综上所述,相较于其他材料,有效截留NO3 -为主氮素养分,提高养殖尾水养分利用率,降低淋洗污染风险;显著控制水稻底部节间生长,降低倒伏风险;且其对水稻生长及产量性状并无显著抑制作用,因而将其作为水稻消纳罗氏沼虾养殖尾水中养分利用效率提升材料具有一定应用潜力。

关键词: 稻田, ‘罗氏沼虾’, 养殖尾水, 养分利用效能, 提升

Abstract:

To achieve the steady yield of rice and to maximize the nutrient use efficiency during the paddy rice production irrigated by the tail water of ‘Macrobrachium Rosenbergii’ aquiculture completely, four treatments were set up for the pot experiment which contained CK (blank control), BC (biochar), TG (soil improvement solution), BT (biochar and soil improvement solution). The suitable material types were screened by the comparison of nutrient transport status in rice-soil system and the growth indexes of paddy rice in different treatments. The results showed that the addition of BC, TG and BT had positive effects on TN accumulation in topsoil (0-10 cm), TP accumulation in soil (0-25cm),and system nutrition loss;meanwhile, the former two treatment were also helpful for TN accumulation in soil(0-25cm),and the system nutrition. TG promoted the NO3 - accumulation in the topsoil (0-10 cm) (P<0.05). Except BC treatment,TN and TP in paddy rice showed a downward trend at the same time in the existence of materials. In the BT treatment, the chlorophyll content at filling stage was higher than that of TG and CK (P<0.05) apparently, the first internode length of material treatment was lower than that of CK (P<0.05), while the difference of the other treatments was not significant(P>0.05). There was no significant difference between actual yield and theoretical yield of different treatments (P>0.05). To summarize, comparing with other materials, TG holds back NO3 - as the main nitrogen nutrition effectively, enhances the nutrition utility efficiency of aquiculture wastewater, decreases the leaching risk, controls the internode growth of the rice bottom obviously, reduces the lodging risk and has no inhibition on the growth and yield of rice. Thus, TG is a potential material for the enhancement of nutrient utility efficiency in paddy rice irrigated by the wastewater from ‘Macrobrachium rosenbergii’ aquiculture completely.

Key words: paddy field, Macrobrachium rosenbergii’, aquiculture wastewater, nutrient utility efficiency, enhancement

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