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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (20): 1-6.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500123

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

纤用工业大麻雌雄株主要农艺性状的初步研究

张晓艳, 孙宇峰, 曹焜, 姜颖, 赵越, 韩承伟, 韩喜财, 王晓楠()   

  1. 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-09 修回日期:2019-07-30 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2020-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 王晓楠
  • 作者简介:张晓艳,女,1980年出生,黑龙江龙江人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事大麻高产栽培育种方面的研究。通信地址：163319黑龙江省大庆市博学大街43号 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院,Tel：0459-8979537,E-mail：zhangxylibin@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目子课题“苏打盐碱地特种经济植物生态治理模式与产业示范”(2016YFC0501207-3);黑龙江省科学院预研项目“盐碱胁迫对纤维型汉麻品种生长发育特性的影响及评价”(YY2019DQ01)

Main Agronomic Characters of Female and Male Plant of Fiber Industrial Hemp: A Preliminary Study

Zhang Xiaoyan, Sun Yufeng, Cao Kun, Jiang Ying, Zhao Yue, Hang Chengwei, Han Xicai, Wang Xiaonan()   

  1. Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Daqing Heilongjiang 163319
  • Received:2019-05-09 Revised:2019-07-30 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2020-07-20
  • Contact: Wang Xiaonan

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摘要：

为了明确大麻雌雄株之间的差异及为大麻全雌、全雄、雌雄同株育种提供理论依据,本试验以‘火麻一号’、‘汉麻5号’和‘汉麻2号’为试验材料,分析了大麻雌雄株之间原茎产量和农艺性状的差异及其相关性。结果表明,雌株的原茎产量比雄株高出18.18%~24.56%,差异显著;雄株的株高和节数分别比雌株高出了3.08~5.86 cm、0.28~1.92节,株高差异显著;雌株的茎粗和穗长分别比雄株高出了0.05~0.08 cm、3.35~4.90 cm,穗长差异显著;雌株的根长略高于雄株,而雄株的工艺长度比雌株高出了3.26%~5.55%,差异显著;雌株的茎干重、根干重分别比雄株高出了22.16%~27.06%、21.97%~31.91%,茎干重差异显著;雌雄株的节数、穗长及叶干重与雌雄株单株的原茎重呈负相关关系,雌雄株的株高、茎粗、根长、工艺长度及根干重与雌雄株单株的原茎重呈正相关关系。纤用工业大麻高产栽培技术及高产育种要以雌雄株比值小,叶少、节数少、穗短、株高和茎粗适中、工艺长度长、根干重及单株原茎重大作为主要目标。

关键词: 工业大麻, 雄株, 雌株, 农艺性状

Abstract:

To clarify the differences between female and male hemp plants and provide a theoretical basis for all-female, all-male and monoecious breeding of hemp, ‘Huoma 1’, ‘Hanma 5’ and ‘Hanma 2’ were used as experimental materials to analyze the difference and correlation of stem yield and agronomic traits between male and female hemp plants. The results showed that the stem yield of female plants was 18.18%-24.56% higher than that of male plants, and the difference was significant. The plant height and node number of male plants were 3.08 cm-5.86 cm and 0.28-1.92 nodes higher than those of female plants, respectively, with significant difference in plant height. The stem diameter and panicle length of female plants were 0.05 cm-0.08 cm and 3.35 cm-4.90 cm higher than those of male plants, respectively, with significant differences in panicle length. The root length of female plants was slightly higher than that of male plants, while the technological length of male plants was 3.26%-5.55% higher than that of female plants, with significant differences. The stem dry weight and root dry weight of female plants were 22.16%-27.06%, 21.97%-31.91% higher than that of male plants, respectively, with significant differences in stem dry weight. The number of nodes, panicle length and leaf dry weight of male and female plants were negatively correlated with the stem weight of the male and female plants. The height, stem diameter, root length, technological length and dry weight of the male and female plants were positively correlated with the stem weight of the male and female plants. High-yielding cultivation techniques and high-yielding breeding of hemp for fiber industry should aim at small ratio of male to female plants, fewer leaves, fewer nodes, shorter panicles, moderate plant height and stem diameter, long technological length, big root-dry weight and high stem weight per plant.

Key words: industrial hemp, male plant, female plant, agronomic characters

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