小麦抗倒性影响因子和产量因子的遗传与相关研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0103

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在为小麦育种和生产上预防倒伏、提高稳产能力提供参考。以来源于野生二粒小麦远缘杂交组合的82个高代系为试材,在西北农林科技大学试验站测定并分析抗倒性影响因子和产量性状的相关性。结果表明,（1）株高与抗倒性呈负相关关系,成熟期茎壁厚与抗倒性呈正相关关系,各个性状的抗倒性排序为株高>成熟期茎壁厚度>单穗重>单株重;（2）粒宽、穗粒数和单穗重呈极显著正相关关系(0.413^**、0.767^**);（3）倒伏引起千粒重、单穗重下降,导致减产;（4）小穗数、小穗粒数及穗粒数等产量因子及抗倒影响因子的杂种分离世代都出现小于低亲值的遗传特点,分离子代产量接近高亲值的单株占1.5988%,杂交育种中分离世代最低群体需在120株左右。选择茎壁厚、植株高度适中、增加粒宽（饱满大粒）和穗粒数（大穗、多花结实性好）,有望筛选出高产抗倒品种。

关键词: 小麦, 茎壁厚度, 抗倒性, 产量因子, 遗传特点

Abstract:

The aim is to provide a basis for improving lodging resistance and yield of wheat. 82 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the same combination of Triticum dicoccoides were used as materials. The correlation between lodging resistance impacting factors and yield of wheat were analyzed in the test station of Northwest A & F University. The results showed that: (1) there was a negative correlation between plant height and lodging resistance, while there was a positive correlation between stem thickness and lodging resistance; the order of the lodging resistance of the characters was: plant height>stem thickness>grain weight per spike>grain weight per plant; (2) the grain width and grain number per spike were extremely and significantly correlated to grain weight per spike (0.413^**, 0.767^**); (3) lodging decreased thousand kernels weight and grain weight per panicle resulting in yield reduction; (4) the hybrid segregation generations of the impacting factors of lodging resistance and yield factors, such as spikelets, kernels per spike, grain number per spike, showed the genetic characteristics of closing to low parent, the frequency of descendants close to high parent was 1.5988%, the minimum of plants should be kept at 120 in F₂. Thicker stem wall, moderate plant height, bigger and fuller kernel as well as grain number per spike should be selected in hybrid segregation generations for lodging resistance and high yield in breeding.

Key words: wheat, stem thickness, lodging resistance, yield factors, genetic characteristics

中图分类号:

S512.1

王瑞, 段绍伟, 郭勇, 孔令让, 张永科. 小麦抗倒性影响因子和产量因子的遗传与相关研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(6): 24-29.

Wang Rui, Duan Shaowei, Guo Yong, Kong Lingrang, Zhang Yongke. Impacting Factors of Lodging Resistance and Yield of Wheat: The Genetic and Correlation Study[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(6): 24-29.

图/表 5

参考文献 22

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类型	株高均值/cm	0.05差异显著性	茎秆外径/mm	茎壁厚度/mm	0.05差异显著性	品系数
站杆	95.53	a	7.6	1.39	a	32
成熟期倒伏	116.46	b	7.3	1.19	a	31
抽穗期倒伏	119.57	b	7.1	1.13	b	19
总计	109.00					82

类型	株高均值/cm	0.05差异显著性	茎秆外径/mm	茎壁厚度/mm	0.05差异显著性	品系数
站杆	95.53	a	7.6	1.39	a	32
成熟期倒伏	116.46	b	7.3	1.19	a	31
抽穗期倒伏	119.57	b	7.1	1.13	b	19
总计	109.00					82

倒伏类型	单穗重/g	0.05差异显著性	单株重/g	0.05差异显著性	标准偏差	观测数量
0-0	1.7789	a	24.2824	a	0.37627	38
0-1	1.5579	b	22.5459	a	0.28820	39
1-1	1.3440	b	31.6640	a	0.18420	5
总计	1.6473				0.35066	82

倒伏类型	单穗重/g	0.05差异显著性	单株重/g	0.05差异显著性	标准偏差	观测数量
0-0	1.7789	a	24.2824	a	0.37627	38
0-1	1.5579	b	22.5459	a	0.28820	39
1-1	1.3440	b	31.6640	a	0.18420	5
总计	1.6473				0.35066	82

模型		截距	通径系数	回归系数	t	否定显著性的概率	t_0.05,_n-m_-1
1	单株重	-0.709	0.204	0.009	1.912	0.060	1.992
	成熟期茎壁厚		0.063	0.128	0.610	0.544
	株高		0.418	0.015	4.288	0.000
	单穗重		-0.381	-0.544	-3.333	0.001
2	单株重	-0.585	0.192	0.009	1.841	0.069	1.991
	株高		0.417	0.015	4.296	0.000
	单穗重		-0.353	-0.505	-3.385	0.001
3	株高	-0.449	0.393	0.014	4.027	0.000	1.990
3	单穗重		-0.279	-0.399	-2.858	0.005