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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (16): 68-76.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0914

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

博尔塔拉蒙古自治州土地/植被覆盖变化及驱动力分析

刘兆旭1(), 刘晶2, 郑国宏1(), 李建刚2   

  1. 1 新疆维吾尔自治区防雷减灾中心，乌鲁木齐 830002
    2 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-01 修回日期:2023-04-04 出版日期:2023-06-05 发布日期:2023-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 郑国宏，男，1973年出生，新疆乌鲁木齐人，高级工程师，硕士研究生，主要从事环境遥感研究。通信地址：830002 新疆乌鲁木齐建国路327号 新疆气象局，Tel：0991-2663996，E-mail：363089915@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:

    刘兆旭，男，1983年出生，新疆乌鲁木齐人，工程师，本科，主要从事环境遥感以及防灾减灾工作。通信地址：830002 新疆乌鲁木齐建国路327号 新疆气象局，Tel：0991-2634055，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    新疆气象局引导性计划项目(YD202301); 华云基金项目“叶尔羌河流域上游冰湖湖水动态变化对卡群站溃决洪水的研究”(HYJJ005); 国家自然科学基金“西天山夏季中-β尺度MCS对流云宏微特征及对降水影响研究”(U2003106)

Analysis of Vegetation Cover Change and Driving Forces in Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture

LIU Zhaoxu1(), LIU Jing2, ZHENG Guohong1(), LI Jiangang2   

  1. 1 Center for Xinjiang Lightning Protection and Disaster Reduction, Urumqi 830002
    2 Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002
  • Received:2022-11-01 Revised:2023-04-04 Online:2023-06-05 Published:2023-05-22

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摘要：

博尔塔拉蒙古自治州（简称博州地区）处于准噶尔盆地西南边缘，是西北荒漠区的典型代表，是大风的主风道，是重要的风沙策源地，生态比较脆弱。本研究基于30 m空间分辨率的Landsat数据，结合土地利用矩阵转移，分析2005—2020年博州地区土地利用变化特征、植被覆盖度及驱动力因素。结果表明：（1）2005—2020年，博州地区的主要地类是沙地、草地、裸地和耕地。沙地面积增加1447 km2，增长率为18%；草地面积减少最多，减少了1638 km2。2000—2015年博州地区有大量的沙地、林地、耕地转为草地，建设用地也在微弱增加。（2）2005—2020年博州地区低植被覆盖度面积占比相当高，超过了60%，较低植被覆盖度的实际比例均在10%，中覆盖度植被呈现增长的趋势，而较高和高覆盖度的植被呈现出先大幅增加后缓慢减少的趋势，植被的覆盖度伴随坡度的提高先降后升再降。（3）由驱动力的研究发现，土地利用变化是引起植被覆盖度变化的首要影响因子，其次是道路和GDP，再次是降水和温度，最后是人口密度、水系和坡度。

关键词: 博州地区, 土地利用, 植被覆盖, 地理探测器, 驱动力

Abstract:

As the typical representative of the desert area and the ecologically fragile region in northwest China located in the southwest edge of the Junggar Basin, Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture (abbreviated as Bozhou area) is the main gale wind channel and the important source of wind-blown sand. Based on 30 m spatial resolution Landsat data and land use matrix transfer method, this study analyzed the characteristics of the land use change, vegetation coverage and driving forces in Bozhou area during 2005 to 2020. The results showed that: (1) during 2005 to 2020, the main land types in Bozhou area were sandy land, grassland, bare land and cultivated land. The area of sandy land increased by 1447 km2 with the growth rate of 18%. The grassland area decreased the most, by 1638 km2. During 2000 to 2015, a large amount of sandy land area, woodland area and cultivated land area in Bozhou turned into grassland area, while construction land area increased slightly. (2) During 2005 to 2020, the proportion of lowest and lower vegetation coverage area in Bozhou was 60% and 10%, respectively. The variation of medium vegetation coverage area showed an increasing trend, while the higher and highest vegetation coverage area showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing slowly. The vegetation coverage showed a trend of decreasing first, then increasing and then decreasing with the increase of slope. (3) According to the results of driving forces analysis, land use change was the most important factor for vegetation cover change, followed by roads and GDP, then precipitation and temperature, and finally population density, water system and slope.

Key words: Bozhou area, land use, vegetation cover, geographic detector, driving forces