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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (24): 43-49.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0998

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同环境下芝麻品质性状的遗传变异分析

崔向华1(), 周瑢2, 徐桂真3, 高德学4, 唐雪辉5, 张少泽1, 梁俊超6, 王林海2()   

  1. 1 驻马店市农业科学院，河南驻马店 463000
    2 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所，农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室，武汉 430062
    3 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所，石家庄 050035
    4 辽宁省农科院经济作物研究所，辽宁辽阳 111000
    5 襄阳市农业科学院，湖北襄阳 441057
    6 江西省农业科学院作物研究所，南昌 330200
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-01 修回日期:2023-03-15 出版日期:2023-08-25 发布日期:2023-08-23
  • 通讯作者: 王林海，男，1979年出生，河南驻马店人，研究员，博士，研究方向：芝麻优异基因发掘与品质改良。通信地址：430062 湖北省武汉市武昌区徐东二路2号 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所，Tel：027-86711856，E-mail：wanglinhai@caas.cn。
  • 作者简介:

    崔向华，男，1973年出生，河南驻马店人，副研究员，研究方向：芝麻遗传育种。通信地址：463000 河南省驻马店市驿城区富强路51号 驻马店市农业科学院，Tel：0396-2998698，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“国家特色油料产业技术体系”(CARS-14); 农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室开放课题“黑芝麻种皮颜色主效调控基因鉴定与代谢通路分析”(KF2022002)

Sesame Quality Traits in Different Environments: Genetic Variation Study

CUI Xianghua1(), ZHOU Rong2, XU Guizhen3, GAO Dexue4, TANG Xuehui5, ZHANG Shaoze1, LIANG Junchao6, WANG Linhai2()   

  1. 1 Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhumadian, Henan 463000
    2 Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062
    3 Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035,
    4 Liaoning Research Institute of Cash Crops, Liaoyang, Liaoning 111000
    5 Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei 441057
    6 Crop Research Institute of the Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200
  • Received:2022-12-01 Revised:2023-03-15 Online:2023-08-25 Published:2023-08-23

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摘要：

为了分析芝麻营养品质性状在不同生态环境下的变异特征，选用8个白芝麻品种，在全国13个试验点种植，应用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和近红外光谱分析法(NIR)对其主要品质性状进行测定。结果表明，8个芝麻品种在13个试验点的平均含油率、油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、芝麻素和芝麻林素含量分别为55.43%、38.88%、46.16%、8.63%、4.56 mg/g和2.70 mg/g。含油率随着纬度的升高先逐渐升高然后降低，在襄阳试验点的含油率最高，平均为57.50%，且显著高于其他试验点；伊犁试验点芝麻素、芝麻林素平均含量最高，分别为5.58 mg/g和3.60 mg/g，其他试验点的芝麻素和芝麻林素含量总体表现为由北向南先升高再降低。说明襄阳适宜种植高含油率芝麻，伊犁适宜种植芝麻素和芝麻林素含量高的芝麻。

关键词: 芝麻, 品质性状, 含油率, 木脂素, 生态环境

Abstract:

To analyze the variations of sesame quality traits in different ecological environments, eight sesame varieties were planted in 13 experimental sites in China. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and near infrared spectrum (NIR) analysis were applied for quality evaluation. The results showed that the average contents of oil, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, sesamin and sesamolin of the 8 sesames were 55.43%, 38.88%, 46.16%, 8.63%, 4.56 mg/g and 2.70 mg/g, respectively. The oil content gradually increased and then decreased with the increase of latitude. Xiangyang site had the highest oil content, with the average of 57.50%, and it was significantly higher than those in other experimental sites. The average contents of sesamin and sesamolin in Ili site were the highest with the average of 5.58 mg/g and 3.60 mg/g, respectively. The sesamin and sesamolin contents in other experimental sites firstly increased and then decreased from north to south. It suggested that Xiangyang site was more suitable for planting sesame with high oil content, while Ili site was suitable for cultivating sesame with high sesamin and sesamolin contents.

Key words: sesame, quality traits, oil content, lignan, ecological environment