欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (25): 1-10.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0126

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

不同施氮水平对耐密宜机收玉米干物质积累与分配的影响

兰慧青1,2(), 张向前2,3(), 程玉臣2,3, 师晶晶1,2, 陈宣伊1,2, 步恒通1,2, 白东星1,2, 路战远1,2,3(), 刘雅杰1,2, 陈丽荣4   

  1. 1 内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特 010020
    2 内蒙古自治区退化农田生态修复与污染治理重点实验室,呼和浩特 010031
    3 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特 010031
    4 蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司,呼和浩特 010070
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-10 修回日期:2023-07-07 出版日期:2023-09-05 发布日期:2023-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 张向前,男,1984年出生,内蒙古赤峰人,研究员,博士,研究方向:土壤耕作与农业生态。通信地址:010031 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市昭君路22号 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,Tel:0471-5295611,E-mail:zhangxiangqian_2008@126.com。路战远,男,1964年出生,内蒙古赤峰人,研究员,博士,研究方向:保护性耕作与农业生态。通信地址:010031 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市昭君路22号 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,Tel:0471-5295611,E-mail:lzhy281@163.com
  • 作者简介:
    兰慧青,女,1996年出生,内蒙古呼和浩特人,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物栽培与农业生态。通信地址:010020 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市锡林郭勒南路49号 内蒙古大学,Tel:0471-5295611,E-mail:
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区“科技兴蒙”重点专项“创建鄂尔多斯国家可持续发展议程创新示范区项目”(2021EEDSCXSFQZD011-2); “内蒙古自治区人才引进项目”(2020YJ007); “内蒙古自治区草原英才个人培养项目”(CY2020016)

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution in Maize with Density Tolerance and Suitable Machine Harvesting

LAN Huiqing1,2(), ZHANG Xiangqian2,3(), CHENG Yuchen2,3, SHI Jingjing1,2, CHEN Xuanyi1,2, BU Hengtong1,2, BAI Dongxing1,2, LU Zhanyuan1,2,3(), LIU Yajie1,2, CHEN Lirong4   

  1. 1 College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020
    2 Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Remediation and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031
    3 Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031
    4 Mengcao Ecological Environment (Group) Co. LTD., Hohhot 010070
  • Received:2023-02-10 Revised:2023-07-07 Online:2023-09-05 Published:2023-08-28

摘要:

研究施氮水平对耐密宜机收玉米干物质积累规律的影响,对玉米适宜施氮水平选择和产量形成具有重要意义。本研究以2018年于内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院开展的氮肥长期定位试验为基础,以耐密宜机收玉米‘广德5’为供试材料,设置0 kg/hm2(N0)、120 kg/hm2(N8)、180 kg/hm2(N12)、240 kg/hm2(N16)、300 kg/hm2(N20)、360 kg/hm2(N24)等6个施氮水平,分析苗期、拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽雄—吐丝期、灌浆期和成熟期玉米的干物质积累量和不同器官的分配比例,阐明开花后(抽雄—吐丝期向成熟期)的干物质转运规律。结果表明:(1)在施氮量为0~240 kg/hm2时,干物质积累量和产量随施氮量增加而增大,施氮量超过240 kg/hm2干物质积累量和产量则随着施氮量增加而下降,大喇叭口期后更为明显。(2)不同处理的干物质积累符合Logistic方程,氮肥施用量对干物质积累速率影响显著,促进干物质积累高峰提前。(3)随着生育时期的推进,玉米干物质在各器官的分配转运发生变化,施氮有利于生育后期营养器官中的干物质向籽粒转移,促进籽粒的发育和形成。(4)综合比较2年数据得出,施氮处理N20(2020年)和N16(2021年)产量比其他施氮水平较高,分别高出4.35%~45.50%、0.57%~57.19%。综合分析产量、干物质积累、各器官的分配及转运等因素,得出玉米最佳氮肥施用量为240 kg/hm2

关键词: 施氮水平, 增密, 籽粒机收, 干物质积累分配, 产量

Abstract:

The study of the effect of nitrogen application level on the dry matter accumulation in maize with high density tolerance and suitable machine harvesting is of great significance for the selection of suitable nitrogen application level and yield formation of maize. Based on the long-term localization experiment of nitrogen fertilizer conducted by the Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2018, maize ‘Guangde 5’ was used as the test material, and six nitrogen application levels were set, including 0 kg/hm2 (N0), 120 kg/hm2 (N8), 180 kg/hm2 (N12), 240 kg/hm2 (N16), 300 kg/hm2 (N20) and 360 kg/hm2 (N24). Dry matter accumulation and distribution ratio of different organs at seedling stage, jointing stage, trumpet stage, tasseling to spinning stage, grout stage and mature stage were analyzed, and the dry matter transport rule after flowering (tasseling to spinning stage to mature stage) was clarified. The results showed that: (1) dry matter accumulation and yield increased with the increase of N application rate between 0-240 kg/hm2, but decreased with the increase of N application rate when N application rate exceeded 240 kg/hm2, especially after the large flare stage. (2) The dry matter accumulation of different treatments conformed to the Logistic equation, the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on dry matter accumulation rate and promoted the dry matter accumulation peak earlier. (3) The distribution of maize dry matter in various organs changed with the development of the growth period, nitrogen application was beneficial to the transfer of dry matter from vegetative organs to grains in late growth period and promoted the development and formation of grains. (4) A comprehensive comparison of the 2-year data showed that the yield of N20 (2020) and N16 (2021) treated with nitrogen was higher than that of other nitrogen applications. They were 4.35%-45.50% and 0.57%-57.19%, respectively. Based on the analysis of yield, dry matter accumulation, distribution and transport of organs, the optimal nitrogen application rate of maize is 240 kg/hm2.

Key words: nitrogen application level, increase density, grain machine harvesting, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield