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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 62-68.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0168

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

昆明市植烟土壤有效锌时空变异特性及驱动因子分析

张晓伟1(), 张云芬2, 焦忠云3, 徐兴阳3, 李浩昊3, 诸泽明3, 李顺3, 杨树明4()   

  1. 1 云南省烟草质量监督检测站，昆明 650106
    2 石林县鹿阜街道办事处农业综合服务中心，云南石林 652200
    3 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司，昆明 650051
    4 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-24 修回日期:2023-04-25 出版日期:2024-02-01 发布日期:2024-02-01
  • 通讯作者:
    杨树明，男，1973年出生，云南武定人，研究员，博士，主要从事土壤肥料与农业环境方面的研究。通信地址：650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京2238号 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，Tel：0871-65892205，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张晓伟，男，1984年出生，云南维西人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟叶和肥料质量检验方面的研究。通信地址：650106 云南省昆明市高新区科医路41号 云南省烟草质量监督检测站，Tel：0871-68311089，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    高层次科技人才及创新团队选拔专项“云南省农业环境保护农田土壤氮磷减蓄与高效利用创新团队”(202305AS350013); 中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目“烟用商品有机肥质量控制标准和监测体系构建及应用”(2021530000241034); 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司科技计划项目“寻甸县烤烟+多元产业融合发展模式研究与应用”(KMYC202205)

Spatio-temporal Variability and Driving Factors of Available Zinc in Tobacco-growing Soil in Kunming

ZHANG Xiaowei1(), ZHANG Yunfen2, JIAO Zhongyun3, XU Xingyang3, LI Haohao3, ZHU Zeming3, LI Shun3, YANG Shuming4()   

  1. 1 Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming 650106
    2 Comprehensive Agricultural Service Center, Lufu Sub-district of Shilin County, Shilin, Yunnan 652200
    3 Kunming Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Kunming 650051
    4 Agricultural Resources & Environment Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
  • Received:2023-02-24 Revised:2023-04-25 Published-:2024-02-01 Online:2024-02-01

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摘要：

探明昆明市植烟土壤有效锌含量时空变化规律，为优质烟区土壤锌污染阻控和耕地质量提升提供依据。2018—2020年用GPS定位采集昆明市8个县（区）烟田耕层(0~20 cm)土壤样品共3347个，分析土壤有效锌时空变化特征，并利用回归拟合及提升回归树模型探究影响土壤有效锌变化的主控驱动因素。结果表明：2020年昆明市植烟土壤有效锌平均值为2.53 mg/kg，变异系数89.55%，变异程度较高，且丰富和极丰富等级占比较大(75.83%)，属于偏高和丰富水平。2020年土壤有效锌含量与2019年相比相对稳定，但其均值较2018年下降0.85 mg/kg，变异增大，处于丰富和极丰富等级分布频率降低15.01%，而适宜水平的样点比例增加8.34%。2020年8个县土壤有效锌均值变幅1.84~4.19 mg/kg，变异系数55.22%~93.37%，富民变异最大，各烟区均值高低为：寻甸>安宁>嵩明>富民>禄劝、晋宁>宜良>石林。与2019年相比，2020年富民、禄劝、嵩明、寻甸土壤有效锌含量下降0.11~0.69 mg/kg，安宁、晋宁、宜良和石林土壤有效锌含量相对稳定；2020年土壤有效锌较2018年平均降低0.23~1.65 mg/kg，其中富民、嵩明、寻甸降幅最大。2020年各县土壤有效锌属于丰富、极丰富级别合计占比较2019年和2018年分别下降0.16%~15.03%、5.88%~23.20%，以宜良降幅最高，嵩明降幅最小。利用Pearson、回归拟合和提升回归树分析，发现造成土壤Zn空间尺度上差异的主导因子是年均降雨，其次是年均温、年蒸发量、土壤类型、土壤质地，以及土壤pH、水解性氮、有机质、速效钾、有效磷含量等指标；最后是氮、钾、磷肥投入。昆明植烟土壤有效锌含量总体偏高，但近2 a呈持续逐渐下降趋势。今后应继续减氮控磷钾，控制施用含锌有机肥和化肥，降低锌素投入；调节部分烟区土壤酸度或阻控土壤酸化，改善锌形态，进而降低土壤高浓度有效锌对烤烟、土壤潜在的污染风险。

关键词: 昆明, 植烟土壤, 土壤有效锌, 时空间演变, 驱动因素

Abstract:

The study aims to explore the spatio-temporal variation of available zinc content in tobacco-growing soil in Kunming, so as to provide scientific basis and guidance for preventing and controlling soil zinc pollution in high quality tobacco-growing areas and improving plough land quality. By GPS positioning, a total of 3347 soil samples were collected from the plough layer (0-20 cm) of core area in eight tobacco-growing counties of Kunming in 2018-2020, respectively. Based on them, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristic of soil zinc. The main driving factors of soil Zn were analyzed by using regression and boosted regression tree model. The results showed that the soil available zinc was 2.53 mg/kg, and the coefficient of variation of Zn was 89.55%, and Zn variation was high in 2020. In addition, the proportion of abundant and high grade was larger (75.83%), which was at the high and enrich level. Compared with 2019, soil Zn was relatively stable, but its mean value decreased by 0.85 mg/kg than that of 2018, and its variation increased. The distribution frequency of soil Zn in rich and extremely grades decreased by 15.01%, while the proportion of suitable level sites increased by 8.34%. In 2020, the mean Zn range of the eight counties was 1.84-4.19 mg/kg, and the coefficient of variation was 55.22%-93.37%. Meantime, the variation of Zn mean value was as followed: Xundian>Anning>Songming>Fumin>Luquan, Jinning>Yiliang>Shilin. Compared with 2019, the soil Zn content in Fumin, Lujian, Songming and Xundian decreased by 0.11-0.69 mg/kg in 2020, while them in Anning, Jining, Yiliang and Shilin were relatively stable. The soil Zn content in 2020 decreased by 0.23-1.65 mg/kg than that of 2018, and among which Fumin, Songming and Xundian decreased the most. In 2020, the amount of Zn in the rich and extremely levels decreased by 0.16%-15.03% and 5.88%-23.20% compared with that in 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease rate was highest in Yiliang and lowest in Songming. The Pearson’s correlation, regression fitting and boosted regression tree model revealed that the most main factor causing spatial scale difference of Zn was average annual precipitation, followed by average annual temperature, evaporation, soil type, soil texture. Meantime, the soil pH value and hydrolyze nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium and phosphorus contents were selected as driving factors. Moreover, the long-term inputs of nitrogen, potassium, phosphate fertilizer also played key roles in soil Zn change. Overall, the Zn content of tobacco-growing soil was generally high, but showed a decreasing trend in recent 2 years. In the future, we should continue to reduce nitrogen, and control the application of phosphorus, potassium, organic fertilizer containing Zn and chemical fertilizer to reduce Zn input. Furthermore, the soil pH value and acidification should be considered to ameliorate zinc form and reduce the risk of high Zn concentration in tobacco and soil pollution.

Key words: Kunming, tobacco-planting soil, available zinc, spatio-temporal evolution, driving factors