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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 151-157.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0085

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

吡唑醚菌酯在三种特色小宗作物上降解行为及安全评价研究

王思威(), 王潇楠, 刘艳萍()   

  1. 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部华南果蔬绿色防控重点实验室/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室，广州 510640
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-23 修回日期:2024-05-06 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-01-20
  • 通讯作者:
    刘艳萍，女，1972年出生，吉林汪清人，研究员，博士，主要从事农药残留研究。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区金颖路7号，Tel：020-87597555，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王思威，女，1984年出生，黑龙江绥化人，副研究员，博士，主要从事农药残留分析与环境毒理研究。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区金颖路7号，Tel：020-87597590，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广东省2021年省级乡村振兴战略专项“小宗作物用药登记试验”粤财农[2021]37号

Degradation Behavior and Safety Evaluation of Pyraclostrobin in Three Minor Crops

WANG Siwei(), WANG Xiaonan, LIU Yanping()   

  1. Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640
  • Received:2024-01-23 Revised:2024-05-06 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2025-01-20

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摘要：

本研究旨在科学评价吡唑醚菌酯在黄皮、番石榴、火龙果这3种特色小宗作物上的安全性。依据“农作物中农药残留试验准则”，进行了一年四地的30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂田间残留试验，采用超高效液相色谱-串联三重四级杆质谱仪检测了吡唑醚菌酯在3种水果上的残留消解与最终残留量，并进行膳食风险评估。样品采用乙腈提取，N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)净化、UPLC-MS/MS测定。结果表明，吡唑醚菌酯在黄皮全果、黄皮果肉、番石榴、火龙果全果、火龙果果肉添加浓度为0.01~5.0 mg/kg时，添加回收率分别为：104%~107%、80%~96%，93%~100%，83%~91%、90%~107%，相对标准偏差（RSD)分别为0.9%~3.8%、2.7%~5.3%、3.0%~10.7%、1.1%~4.3%、2.2%~6.3%，定量限(LOQ)均为0.01mg/kg。30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂以250 mg/kg的剂量施用3次，黄皮、番石榴和火龙果中的原始沉积量分别为2.8~4.8 mg/kg、0.36~1.0 mg/kg、0.48~1.40 mg/kg，半衰期分别为8.8~11.4 d、5.6~13.9 d、3.0~3.8 d；黄皮、番石榴采收间隔期为7、10 d，火龙果采收间隔期为5、7 d 时，黄皮全果、黄皮果肉、番石榴、火龙果全果、火龙果果肉中吡唑醚菌酯的最终残留量分别为0.24~2.8 mg/kg、0.016~0.73 mg/kg、0.20~0.46 mg/kg、0.12~3.6 mg/kg、<0.010~0.072 mg/kg。膳食风险评估发现，吡唑醚菌酯风险商(RQ)为77.0%，表明对一般人群健康不会产生不可接受的风险。研究结果为指导30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂在3种特色小宗作物上的科学合理使用及制定最大残留限量(MRL)值提供依据。

关键词: 吡唑醚菌酯, 黄皮, 番石榴, 火龙果, 农药残留, 残留消解, 膳食风险评估

Abstract:

To scientifically evaluate the safety of pyraclostrobin on three minor crops (wampee, guava, and pitaya), one-year residual field trials in four sites were conducted on pyraclostrobin 30% suspension concentrate (SC) based on guidelines for field trials of pesticide residues in crop. The dissipation dynamics, final residues, and dietary risk assessment of pyrclostrobin SC on wampee, guava, and pitaya were carried out based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC- MS/MS). The sample was extracted with acetonitrile (ACN), purified by PSA, and determined by UPLC- MS/MS. The results showed that when the spiked levels of wampee whole fruit, wampee pulp, guava, pitaya whole fruit and pitaya pulp was from 0.01 to 5.0 mg/kg, the recovery ranged from 104% to 107%, 80% to 96%, 93% to 100%, 83% to 91%, and 90% to 107%, with the relative standard deviation ranging from 0.9% to 3.8%, 2.7% to 5.3%, 3.0% to 10.7%, 1.1% to 4.3%, 2.2% to 6.3%, respectively. The limits of quantification were all 0.01 mg/kg. The initial concentration of pyraclostrobin in wampee, guava, and pitaya was from 2.8 to 4.8, 0.36 to 1.0, 0.48 to 1.40 mg/kg, and the half-lives ranged from 8.8 to 11.4 d, 5.6 to 13.9 d, 3.0 to 3.8 d, respectively, when pyraclostrobin 30% SC was applied at the dosage of 250 mg/kg, thrice. The finial residues in whole wampee and pulp, guava, whole pitaya and pulp was from 0.24 to 2.8, 0.016 to 0.73, 0.20 to 0.46, 0.12 to 3.6, <0.010 to 0.072 mg/kg, when the pre-harvest intervals was 7 and 10 days in wampee and guava, 5 and 7 days in pitaya, respectively. The dietary risk assessment showed there was no unacceptable risk to the health of the general population, when the risk quotient (RQ) of pyraclostrobin was 77.0%. The research results provided support and reference for scientific and rational use of pyraclostrobin 30% SC on three minor crops, and establishing their maximum residue limit (MRL) values.

Key words: pyraclostrobin, wampee, guava, pitaya, pesticide residues, dissipation dynamics, dietary risk assessment