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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (28): 48-55.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0256

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

7种羊肚菌菌种的特性比较

彭云松(), 任浩, 徐永艳()   

  1. 西南林业大学园林园艺学院，昆明 650224
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-02 修回日期:2025-08-25 出版日期:2025-10-05 发布日期:2025-10-10
  • 通讯作者:
    徐永艳，女，1976年出生，山东烟台人，副教授，博士，主要从事花卉栽培与林下经济研究。通信地址：650224 云南省昆明市盘龙区白龙寺300号 西南林业大学园林园艺学院，Tel：0871-63863023，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    彭云松，男，1998年出生，云南曲靖人，硕士，主要从事花卉栽培技术研究。通信地址：650224 云南省昆明市盘龙区白龙寺300号 西南林业大学园林园艺学院，Tel：0871-63863023，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省高校服务重点产业科技项目“云南林下种养轮作模式关键技术集成与示范”(FWCY-ZNT2024021); 云南省基础研究项目“巧家县林下菌仿野生栽培与经营模式研究项目”(2020-530622-01-01-034399)

Comparative Analysis of Characteristics of Seven Morchella esculenta Strains

PENG Yunsong(), REN Hao, XU Yongyan()   

  1. College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
  • Received:2025-04-02 Revised:2025-08-25 Published:2025-10-05 Online:2025-10-10

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摘要：

本研究聚焦于遴选适配人工栽培需求的优质羊肚菌菌株，探究不同品种在菌种扩繁各阶段的生长特性差异。选取YGF3-2、YGF5-8、JQ5-2、XF、JQ3-1、XJDYH、YGF5共7个栽培菌株，对其在母种、原种及栽培种阶段的菌丝生长情况进行系统性对比分析。试验设定统一环境参数(25±2)℃恒温避光培养条件，其中母种培养采用PDA培养基，原种与栽培种则以含棉籽壳、豆粕等成分的小麦基质配方制备培养基。通过十字交叉法测定菌丝生长速率，记录菌落形态特征、菌丝密度与满瓶（袋）所需时间，并结合方差分析与多重比较法开展统计评估。研究结果表明，各菌株均能在试验条件下正常萌发与扩展。母种阶段，YGF5、JQ3-1与XF菌株生长最快，平均生长速度达(2.60±0.00) cm/d；原种阶段，YGF5-8菌丝扩展能力最强，平均满瓶时间为(12.00±0.45) d，显著优于YGF3-2；栽培种阶段，YGF5表现最优，平均(8.00±0.00) d即满袋，菌丝浓密粗壮，显著快于其他品种(P<0.05)。综合多阶段的生长表现，YGF5在母种与栽培种阶段具明显优势，而YGF5-8在原种扩繁中效率最高。

关键词: 羊肚菌, 菌丝继代, 生长性状, 菌落特征, 菌丝形态, 菌种筛选, 栽培技术

Abstract:

To screen for high-quality Morchella esculenta strains suitable for artificial cultivation, the growth characteristics of different varieties were systematically compared across various stages of strain propagation. Seven cultivated strains (YGF3-2, YGF5-8, JQ5-2, XF, JQ3-1, XJDYH and YGF5) were evaluated for mycelial growth performance during the mother strain, original strain, and cultivated strain stages. Under unified environmental conditions (25±2)℃ in the dark, PDA medium was used for mother strain cultivation, and a substrate formula based on wheat (including cottonseed hulls, soybean meal, etc.) was prepared for original and cultivated strain media. The mycelial growth rate was measured using a cross method, recording colony morphology, mycelial density, and time to fill up the bottles (bags). Statistical evaluations were conducted using variance analysis and multiple comparisons. The results showed that all strains could germinate and expand normally under the experimental conditions. During the mother strain stage, YGF5, JQ3-1 and XF exhibited the fastest growth, with an average growth rate of (2.60±0.00) cm/d. In the original strain stage, YGF5-8 had the strongest mycelial expansion ability, with an average fill time of (12.00±0.45) d, significantly better than YGF3-2. In the cultivated strain stage, YGF5 performed the best, and the average fill time was (8.00±0.00) d, with dense and robust mycelium, significantly faster than other varieties (P<0.05). Overall, YGF5 showed significant advantages in both the mother and cultivated strain stages, while YGF5-8 had the highest efficiency in the original strain propagation stage.

Key words: Morchella esculenta, hyphal subgeneration, growth traits, colony characteristics, hyphal morphology, strain screening, cultivation technology