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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (20): 213-218.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0941

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    

饲料中添加发酵鸡粪对克氏原螯虾生长、营养及免疫的影响

王腾1(), 宋鹏波2, 王泽平1, 吴春1, 王信海1()   

  1. 1 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所， 江苏宿迁 223800
    2 山东畜牧兽医职业学院， 山东潍坊 261061
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-24 修回日期:2026-05-07 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-26
  • 通讯作者:
    王信海，男，1982年出生，山东青岛人，研究员，硕士，主要从事水产养殖技术研究。通信地址：223800 江苏省宿迁市宿豫区宿迁大道16号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王腾，男，1995年出生，山东烟台人，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事水产养殖技术研究。通信地址：223800 江苏省宿迁市宿豫区宿迁大道16号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    宿迁市农业科技自主创新资金项目“发酵鸡粪替代饲料蛋白对小龙虾生长及营养的影响研究”(SQCX202410); 潍坊市科学技术发展计划项目“克氏原螯虾设施养殖及配套技术研究”(2025NY1009)

Effects of Adding Fermented Chicken Manure to Feed on Growth, Nutrition and Immunity of Procambarus clarkii

WANG Teng1(), SONG Pengbo2, WANG Zeping1, WU Chun1, WANG Xinhai1()   

  1. 1 Suqian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800
    2 Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong 261061
  • Received:2025-11-24 Revised:2026-05-07 Published:2026-10-25 Online:2026-10-26

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摘要：

为探究饲料中添加发酵鸡粪对克氏原螯虾生长性能、肌肉营养组成、肠道消化酶活性及免疫性能的影响，本研究设计并配制了分别用添加0%、15%、30%、45%发酵鸡粪的等氮等脂饲料饲喂克氏原螯虾（记作S0组、S15组、S30组和S45组），进行了为期56 d的饲喂试验。结果表明，在生长性能方面，S15组克氏原螯虾表现出最高的终末体重(23.26 g)、相对增重率(286.32%)、特定生长率(2.40%/d)最高，S0组的存活率最高(78.9%)。尽管各组间存在一定差异，但所有生长指标在各处理组之间均未达到统计学显著性水平(P>0.05)。在肌肉营养组成方面，随着发酵鸡粪添加量的增加，各组克氏原螯虾的肌肉粗蛋白含量呈先升高后降低趋势，在S15组时达到峰值(17.46%)；肌肉粗脂肪含量则呈逐渐下降趋势。在肠道消化酶方面，各组克氏原螯虾肠道的胰蛋白酶活力差异不显著(P>0.05)，其中S30组的活性最高(0.27 U/g prot)；淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力则呈先升高后降低趋势，其中S15组达到最高值（淀粉酶30.68 U/g prot，脂肪酶7.80 U/g prot）。在免疫指标方面，酸性磷酸酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性随发酵鸡粪添加量的增加而逐渐升高；碱性磷酸酶活力呈先升高后降低趋势，在S30组活性最高(362.4 U/g prot)；过氧化氢酶活力和丙二醛含量呈先降低后升高趋势，其中过氧化氢酶在S30组最低(3.29 U/mg prot)，丙二醛含量在S15组最低(2.82 nmol/mg prot)。以上结果表明，发酵鸡粪可以作为替代蛋白应用于克氏原螯虾饲料中，添加量以15%为宜，在此添加量下其对克氏原螯虾的生长性能、营养组成、消化性能无不良影响或影响较小，且可以提高克氏原螯虾的免疫性能。

关键词: 克氏原螯虾, 发酵鸡粪, 生长, 营养, 免疫

Abstract:

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fermented chicken manure supplementation on growth performance, muscle nutritional composition and immune function of Procambarus clarkii. Four isonitrogenous and isolipid diets containing 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% fermented chicken manure were formulated and fed to crayfish, which were designated as groups S0, S15, S30 and S45, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 56 days. The results showed that in terms of growth performance, the final body weight (23.26 g), relative weight gain rate (286.32%) and specific growth rate (2.40%/d) of crayfish in the S15 group were the highest, and the S0 group had the highest survival rate (78.9%). There was no significant difference in the above indicators among all groups (P>0.05). In terms of muscle nutritional composition, with the increase of fermented chicken manure inclusion level, the muscle crude protein content increased firstly and then decreased, reaching the maximum value of 17.46% in the S15 group; while the muscle crude fat content showed a gradual downward trend. For intestinal digestive enzymes, no significant difference was observed in intestinal trypsin activity among all groups (P>0.05), with the highest value of 0.27 U/g prot in the S30 group. The activities of amylase and lipase presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, both peaked in the S15 group at 30.68 U/g prot and 7.80 U/g prot, respectively. In terms of immune and antioxidant indices, the activities of acid phosphatase and superoxide dismutase increased gradually with the rising addition of fermented chicken manure. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased first and then decreased, with the maximum value of 362.4 U/g prot in the S30 group. Catalase activity and malondialdehyde content decreased firstly and then increased, reaching the lowest levels in the S30 group (3.29 U/mg prot) and S15 group (2.82 nmol/mg prot), respectively. In conclusion, fermented chicken manure can be used as an alternative protein source in the feed of Procambarus clarkii, and the optimal supplemental level is 15%. Under this addition amount, fermented chicken manure has no or slight adverse effects on growth performance, nutritional composition and digestive ability of crayfish, and can effectively enhance their immune performance.

Key words: Procambarus clarkii, fermented chicken manure, growth, nutrition, immunity

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