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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 7-15.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-1024

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦品质育种简单高效选择指标研究与利用

李曼(), 江伟, 王慧, 寿路路, 张晓()   

  1. 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所/农业农村部长江中下游小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 江苏扬州 225007
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-23 修回日期:2026-05-06 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-24
  • 通讯作者:
    张晓,女,1981年出生,山东平阴人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事小麦品质育种研究。通信地址:225007 江苏省扬州市邗江区扬子江北路568号 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,Tel:0514-87302134,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李曼,女,1988年出生,江苏涟水人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事小麦品质研究。通信地址:225007 江苏省扬州市邗江区扬子江北路568号 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,Tel:0514-87302134,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家小麦产业技术体系弱筋品种改良岗位(CARS-03-8); 科技创新2030重大项目课题任务“抗病高产小麦新品种测试与示范”(2023ZD0402504); 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所科研发展专项基金“弱筋小麦品质评价及育种技术体系建立与应用”(SJ(22)203)

Research and Utilization of Simple and Efficient Selection Indicators for Wheat Quality Breeding

LI Man(), JIANG Wei, WANG Hui, SHOU Lulu, ZHANG Xiao()   

  1. Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Jiangsu/ Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low & Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225007
  • Received:2025-12-23 Revised:2026-05-06 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-24

摘要:

本研究旨在探索角质率作为小麦育种品质早期筛选指标的可行性。通过对江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所自主培育的160份中强筋和弱筋小麦品系在施肥与不施肥两种模式下的籽粒品质进行分析。结果表明:基因型、肥料处理和年份均对角质率有显著影响,其中,基因型效应占总效应的62.07%,大于肥料效应和年份效应。角质率的变异系数达64.48%,高于蛋白质含量和硬度指数。角质率与蛋白质含量、硬度指数之间均存在极显著相关性,尤其与硬度指数的相关系数高达0.80;此外,角质率还与筛选出品种的品质指标呈极显著相关性,预示其在品种综合评价中具有巨大潜力。基于角质率和硬度指数这2个筛选指标,筛选出‘扬14-88’、‘扬18P8’、‘扬18P26’等62个能稳定表现出高角质特性的强筋品系,‘扬14-7’,以及‘扬14-214’、‘扬18P76’等14个能稳定表现高粉质特性的弱筋品系。综上,角质率是受基因型主导的重要籽粒品质性状,具有显著的变异幅度,可区分不同品系的品质差异,并与综合评价指标显著相关,可作为小麦品质评判的简单高效指标,通过该指标筛选出的高品质材料,为小麦品质育种提供了宝贵的资源和方向,具有较高的研究和育种价值。

关键词: 小麦, 角质率, 硬度指数, 品质

Abstract:

To identify percentage of vitreous kernels (PVK) as a selection indicator for wheat quality breeding, grain quality traits of 160 medium-strong and weak gluten wheat lines bred by the Lixiahe Regional Agricultural Research Institute in Jiangsu were analyzed under fertilized and unfertilized conditions. The results showed that genotype, fertilizer treatment, and year significantly affected the PVK, with genotype contributing 62.07% of the total effect-higher than fertilizer and year effects. The coefficient of variation for the PVK was 64.48%, exceeding that of protein content and hardness index (HI). Additionally, the PVK showed a highly significant correlation with protein content and hardness, with a correlation coefficient of 0.80 for the HI. And the PVK demonstrated a highly significant correlation with the selected variety quality indicators, indicating its potential for comprehensive evaluation of varieties. Based on these two selection criteria (PVK and HI), 62 strong gluten lines (e.g., ‘Yang 14-88’, ‘Yang 18P8’, ‘Yang 18P26’) with consistently high vitreousness and 14 weak gluten lines (e.g., ‘Yang 14-7’, ‘Yang 14-214’, ‘Yang 18P76’) with stable floury characteristics were identified. In short, the PVK is a key grain quality trait predominantly controlled by genotype. It exhibits substantial variation, enabling the differentiation of quality among various lines, and shows significant correlation with comprehensive evaluation metrics. Therefore, it can be used as a simple and efficient indicator for assessing wheat quality. Moreover, high-quality materials selected based on this trait hold significant value for both research and breeding purposes.

Key words: wheat, percentage of vitreous kernels (PVK), hardness index (HI), quality

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