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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (20): 110-117.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0074

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

衡水市冬小麦生育期变化及其对农业气象条件的响应

王坤1(), 王荣英2(), 马明君3, 吴锁智4, 邢寒冲5, 刘絮6   

  1. 1 阜城县气象局, 河北阜城 053700
    2 衡水市气象局, 河北衡水 053000
    3 饶阳国家气候观象台, 河北饶阳 053900
    4 武邑县气象局, 河北武邑 053400
    5 安平县气象局, 河北安平 053600
    6 深州市气象局, 河北深州 053800
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-23 修回日期:2026-07-05 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-26
  • 通讯作者:
    王荣英,女,1979年出生,河北武邑人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事农业气象服务与研究。通信地址:053000 河北省衡水市气象局,E-mail:。
  • 作者简介:

    王坤,女,1998年出生,河北承德人,助理工程师,硕士,主要从事农业气象服务与研究。通信地址:053700 河北省衡水市阜城县气象局,E-mail:。

  • 基金资助:
    河北省衡水市气象科研项目“衡水市冬小麦生育期对农业气象条件的响应”(hsky202504)

Changes in Growth Period of Winter Wheat in Hengshui City and Its Response to Agricultural Meteorological Conditions

WANG Kun1(), WANG Rongying2(), MA Mingjun3, WU Suozhi4, XING Hanchong5, LIU Xu6   

  1. 1 Fucheng Meteorological Bureau, Fucheng, Hebei 053700
    2 Hengshui Meteorological Bureau, Hengshui, Hebei 053000
    3 Raoyang National Climate Observatory, Raoyang, Hebei 053900
    4 Wuyi Meteorological Bureau, Wuyi, Hebei 053400
    5 Anping Meteorological Bureau, Anping, Hebei 053600
    6 Shenzhou Meteorological Bureau, Shenzhou, Hebei 053800
  • Received:2026-01-23 Revised:2026-07-05 Published:2026-10-25 Online:2026-10-26

摘要:

为探究衡水市冬小麦物候期的演变规律及其驱动机制,本研究利用该区域农业气象站1990—2020年间观测资料,建立了包含冬小麦生长发育全过程及相应气象要素的综合数据库,采用Pearson相关性分析与多元回归模型相结合的方法,对过去30 a冬小麦各物候期的时间变化规律进行了量化研究,并系统剖析了生长季(10月—翌年6月)主要气候要素的变化轨迹,最终明确了物候动态与气象因子间的内在联系。分析结果显示,1990—2020年间,衡水市冬小麦全生育期内的平均气温与平均地温总体呈波动上升态势,其中,5月气温和3月地温的升高趋势最明显,升高幅度分别为0.81℃/10a(P<0.001)、1.54℃/10a(P<0.01),日照时数呈现下降趋势。冬小麦的冬前生育期均表现出延后趋势,冬后生育期均表现出提前的趋势,总体呈现出缩短态势,其速率约为每10 a缩短3.46 d。从生育阶段来看,冬前各生育期生长日序数与日照时数之间存在显著的负向关系,冬后各生育期则与气温及地温均表现出明显的负相关性。气象因素中,气温对生育期变化的影响最为关键,对生长日序数产生明显的负向调节作用。衡水市冬小麦的生长周期呈现出“冬前延缓、冬后缩短”的显著非对称性变化,其根本动因是通过缩短生育期以规避高温危害,但同时可能因光合产物积累时间不足,导致分蘖减少与籽粒灌浆不充分。

关键词: 冬小麦, 气象因子, 生育期, 气温, 气候变化

Abstract:

To investigate the patterns of phenological stage evolution and their driving mechanisms for winter wheat in Hengshui City, this study utilized observational data from agricultural meteorological stations in the region from 1990 to 2020 to establish a comprehensive database covering the entire growth and development process of winter wheat and corresponding meteorological elements. Using a combination of Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression models, we conducted a quantitative study of the temporal variations in winter wheat phenological stages over the past 30 years and systematically analyzed the trends in major climatic elements during the growing season (October-June of the following year), ultimately clarifying the intrinsic relationship between phenological dynamics and meteorological factors. The analysis results showed that between 1990 and 2020, the average air temperature and average soil temperature throughout the entire growth period of winter wheat in Hengshui City generally exhibited a fluctuating upward trend. Among these, the upward trends in May air temperature and March soil temperature were the most pronounced, with increases of 0.81℃/10 years (P<0.001) and 1.54℃/10 years (P<0.01), respectively, while the number of hours of sunshine showed a downward trend. The pre-winter growth period of winter wheat consistently exhibited a trend of delay, while the post-winter growth period consistently showed a trend of advancement, resulting in an overall shortening of the growth cycle at a rate of approximately 3.46 days per 10 years. From the perspective of growth stages, there was a significant negative relationship between the growth-day index and sunshine duration during the pre-winter stages, whereas the growth-day index during the post-winter stages showed a clear negative correlation with both air temperature and soil temperature. Among meteorological factors, air temperature has the most significant impact on changes in the growth period, exerting a pronounced negative regulatory effect on the number of growth days. The growth cycle of winter wheat in Hengshui City exhibits a distinct asymmetric pattern characterized by “delayed pre-winter growth and shortened post-winter growth.” The fundamental driving force behind this is the strategy of shortening the growth period to avoid the harmful effects of high temperatures; however, this may also result in reduced tillering and insufficient grain filling due to insufficient time for the accumulation of photosynthetic products.

Key words: winter wheat, meteorological factors, growth stage, air temperature, climate change

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