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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (21): 69-74.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0271

• 农学•农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱半干旱地区春小麦水肥管理模式筛选

孙向伟1,2(), 刘佳1,2, 王敏1,2, 张保龙1,2, 高飞翔3()   

  1. 1 内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市气象局， 内蒙古巴彦淖尔 015000
    2 内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市农业气象试验站， 内蒙古巴彦淖尔 015000
    3 内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市乌拉特前旗气象局， 内蒙古巴彦淖尔 014400
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-06 修回日期:2026-07-25 出版日期:2026-11-10 发布日期:2026-11-10
  • 通讯作者:
    高飞翔，男，1984年出生，内蒙古乌兰察布人，工程师，硕士研究生，研究方向：气象防灾减灾及农业气象服务。通信地址：014400 内蒙古巴彦淖尔市乌拉特前旗气象局，Tel：0478-6643118，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    孙向伟，女，1983年出生，内蒙古赤峰人，高级工程师，硕士研究生，主要从事农业气象科研与气象服务工作。通信地址：015000 内蒙古巴彦淖尔市气象局（内蒙古巴彦淖尔市农业气象试验站），Tel：0478-8276550，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区自然科学基金面上项目“未来气候情景下河套灌区春小麦需水规律及灌溉制度优化研究”(2025MS04054); 巴彦淖尔市科技计划项目“河套灌区小麦/玉米水资源利用预报技术及农业气候资源区划”(K202510)

Screening of Optimal Water and Fertilizer Management Modes for Spring Wheat in Arid and Semi-arid Areas

SUN Xiangwei1,2(), LIU Jia1,2, WANG Min1,2, ZHANG Baolong1,2, GAO Feixiang3()   

  1. 1 Bayannur Meteorological Bureau, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia 015000
    2 Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station in Bayannur, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia 015000
    3 Bayannur Wulateqianqi Meteorological Bureau, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia 014400
  • Received:2026-04-06 Revised:2026-07-25 Published:2026-11-10 Online:2026-11-10

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摘要：

为筛选出适宜河套灌区干旱年份春小麦生产的适宜水肥模式，2023年在内蒙古巴彦淖尔农业气象试验站以主栽品种‘永良四号’为主要试验材料开展了春小麦田间水肥控制试验。试验设置3水低肥（分蘖水+拔节水+乳熟水，拔节追施尿素300 kg/hm2）、3水高肥（分蘖水+拔节水+乳熟水，拔节追施尿素450 kg/hm2）、5水低肥（分蘖水+拔节水+开花水+灌浆水+乳熟水，拔节追施尿素300 kg/hm2）、5水高肥（分蘖水+拔节水+开花水+灌浆水+乳熟水，拔节追施尿素450 kg/hm2）、雨养低肥（拔节追施尿素300 kg/hm2）及雨养不追肥(CK) 6个处理。结果表明：5水灌溉对春小麦生长、灌浆及产量的提升效应显著优于3水和雨养降水模式，拔节期施氮效应高度依赖水分。春小麦籽粒灌浆花后10~20 d为快速增重期，高肥促前期灌浆，低肥延长中后期灌浆。5水低肥实际产量达7135.0 kg/hm2为试验最优水肥组合，较对照增产69.8%。

关键词: 干旱半干旱, 春小麦, 灌溉, 拔节追肥, 优化管理

Abstract:

To screen out the suitable water and fertilizer management mode for spring wheat production in arid years in Hetao Irrigation District, the field water and fertilizer control experiment of spring wheat was carried out in Bayannaoer Agrometeorological Experimental Station of Inner Mongolia, with the main cultivar ‘Yongliang 4’ as the main test material. The experiment set up 6 treatments: 3 waters and low fertilizer (tillering water+jointing water+milky water, jointing topdressing urea 300 kg/hm2), 3 waters and high fertilizer (tillering water+jointing water+milky water, jointing topdressing urea 450 kg/hm2), 5 waters and low fertilizer (tillering water+jointing water+flowering water+grouting water+milky water, jointing topdressing urea 300 kg/hm2), 5 waters and high fertilizer (tillering water+jointing water+flowering water+grouting water+milky water, jointing topdressing urea 450 kg/hm2), rain-fed and low fertilizer (jointing topdressing urea 300 kg/hm2) and rain-fed without topdressing (CK). The results showed that the effect of 5 waters irrigation on the growth, grain filling and yield of spring wheat was significantly better than these of 3 waters and rain-fed modes, and the effect of nitrogen application at jointing stage was highly dependent on water. The rapid weight gain period of spring wheat was 10-20 days after anthesis during grain filling, high fertilizer promoted early grain filling, low fertilizer prolonged middle and late grain filling. The actual yield of 5 waters and low fertilizer reached 7135.0 kg/hm2, which was the optimal combination of water and fertilizer in the experiment, and the yield increased by 69.8% compared with the control.

Key words: arid and semi-arid, spring wheat, irrigation, jointing stage topdressing, optimize management

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