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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 81-89.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300235

所属专题： 生物技术； 园艺

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

竹炭与有机肥配施对葡萄根区土壤养分及酶活性的影响

陈丽美1(), 李小英1,2(), 陆晓英3, 李俊龙2, 白雪2   

  1. 1西南林业大学生态与环境学院,昆明 650224
    2云南省高校土壤侵蚀与控制重点实验室,昆明 650224
    3云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋 651300
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-11 修回日期:2020-05-04 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-01-26
  • 通讯作者: 李小英
  • 作者简介:陈丽美,女,1995年出生,云南楚雄人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向：环境生态与水土保持研究。通信地址：650224 云南省昆明市西南林业大学,E-mail： lmchen0828@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“金沙江干热河谷坝区生态综合治理及农业产业发展技术试验示范”(2017YFC0505102);云南省高校土壤侵蚀与控制重点实验室开放基金项目“生物炭孔径调控对石漠化土壤氮磷流失的影响”(云教科201637号)

Combined Application of Bamboo Charcoal and Organic Fertilizer: Effects on Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activities in Root Area of Grape

Chen Limei1(), Li Xiaoying1,2(), Lu Xiaoying3, Li Junlong2, Bai Xue2   

  1. 1College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
    2Key Lab of Soil Erosion and Control in Yunnan Universities, Kunming 650224
    3Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou Yunnan 651300
  • Received:2020-03-11 Revised:2020-05-04 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-01-26
  • Contact: Li Xiaoying

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摘要：

旨在研究竹炭与有机肥配施对葡萄地土壤养分及其酶活性的影响,对土壤改良提供思路。以‘夏黑’葡萄为试材,采用田间试验方法,设置不同梯度竹炭和有机肥配施,对‘夏黑’葡萄园土壤性质和酶活性进行测试分析。结果表明：表层(0~20 cm)土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷含量高于底层(20~40 cm)土壤。与单施有机肥相比,竹炭与低量有机肥配施提高了表层土壤总磷和速效磷含量;竹炭与中量有机肥配施提高了表层土壤有机质、总氮、总磷和速效磷含量;竹炭与高量有机肥配施提高了表层土壤有机质和速效钾含量。竹炭与低、中量有机肥配施提高了土壤过氧化氢酶活性,抑制了土壤蔗糖酶活性;竹炭与高量有机肥配施抑制了土壤过氧化氢酶活性,而对土壤脲酶活性无显著影响。系统聚类分析划分为5个类群,分别是B0M类;B3L、B3M和B6M类;B6L类;B0H和B6H类;B0L和B3H类。总体看来,短期内6%竹炭与中量有机肥配施对土壤肥力提升效果最佳,是较为理想的施肥方式,但其长期效应还有待进一步研究。

关键词: 竹炭, 有机肥, 葡萄, 土壤养分, 酶活性

Abstract:

The objective is to explore the effects of co-application bamboo charcoal and organic fertilizer on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in grape fields, and provide ideas for soil improvement. The grape variety ‘summer black’ was used as the test material, a field experiment was conducted to set up different gradients of combined application with bamboo charcoal and organic fertilizer, the soil properties and enzyme activities were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents of topsoil (0-20 cm) were higher than that of subsoil (20-40 cm). Compared with the organic fertilizer application, the combined application with bamboo charcoal and low- dose organic fertilizer increased the total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents of the topsoil, the combined application of bamboo charcoal and medium-dose organic fertilizer improved organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus of the topsoil, and the combined application of bamboo charcoal and medium-dose organic fertilizer increased organic matter and available potassium contents of the topsoil. The combined application of bamboo charcoal and low-dose or medium-dose organic fertilizer enhanced the activity of catalase and inhibited the activity of sucrose in soil. While the combined application with bamboo charcoal and high-dose organic fertilizer inhibited the activity of catalase, and it did not significantly affect the activity of urease in soil. Five groups (B0M, B3L and B3M and B6M, B6L, B0H and B6H, B0L and B3H) were distributed by cluster analysis. In a short term, the application of 6% bamboo charcoal and medium-dose organic fertilizer is the recommended combination that shows the best synergistic effect on the soil quality. The long-term effects should be explored in the future.

Key words: bamboo charcoal, organic fertilizer, grape, soil nutrient, enzyme activity

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