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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 93-99.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0108

所属专题： 土壤重金属污染； 耕地保护

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同钝化剂对恩施Cd污染土壤的钝化效果研究

明佳佳1(), 向极钎1, 康宇1, 黄林2, 陈永波1, 瞿勇1, 胡百顺1, 殷红清1()   

  1. 1恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院,湖北恩施 445000
    2安徽省通源环境节能股份有限公司,合肥 230000
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-29 修回日期:2021-04-09 出版日期:2022-01-05 发布日期:2022-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 殷红清
  • 作者简介:明佳佳,男,1989年出生,安徽阜南人,农艺师,研究生,研究方向：土壤重金属修复研究。通信地址：445000 恩施市施州大道517号 恩施州农业科学院,Tel：0718-8989703,E-mail： 641390495@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    恩施州农业科学院青年创新基金项目“恩施农田镉污染土壤钝化剂筛选及应用研究”(105-2-1-3);恩施州重点人才工作项目“恩施州耕地土壤质量监控与改良技术研发专项引才项目”(2019);恩施州科技项目“膳食硒摄入安全范围研究(国际合作”D20180031)

Effect of Different Passivators on Cadmium Contaminated Soil in Enshi

MING Jiajia1(), XIANG Jiqian1, KANG Yu1, HUANG Lin2, CHEN Yongbo1, QU Yong1, HU Baishun1, YIN Hongqing1()   

  1. 1Enshi Tujia & Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, Hubei 445000
    2Anhui Tongyuan Environment Energy Saving Co., Ltd., Hefei 230000
  • Received:2021-01-29 Revised:2021-04-09 Online:2022-01-05 Published:2022-02-24
  • Contact: YIN Hongqing

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摘要：

为解决恩施高山蔬菜土壤重金属镉(Cd)污染问题,采用盆栽试验,研究施加不同钝化剂（生物炭、羟基磷灰石、石灰粉、粉煤灰、混合有机钝化剂）对试验土壤中Cd的钝化效果及小白菜产量、品质及Cd含量的影响。结果表明,除石灰粉处理对小白菜生长抑制外,其他处理对小白菜鲜重、株高均有促进作用,且粉煤灰处理增加小白菜鲜重达109.72%。羟基磷灰石、石灰粉和混合钝化剂等3种处理分别提升土壤pH 25.18%、36.61%和28.21%。各处理对土壤脲酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶活性无显著性影响;生物炭、混合钝化剂处理显著提高磷酸酶活性达52.85%和69.82%,而石灰粉处理显著抑制了磷酸酶活性。5种钝化剂处理均降低了小白菜重金属Cd的含量,其中生物炭、羟基磷灰石、石灰粉、混合钝化剂均达到抑制吸收显著效果,且石灰粉最优,降低了73.80%。各处理对小白菜品质无显著性影响。生物炭和混合钝化剂处理分别降低了土壤中总Cd含量27.21%、46.98%;石灰粉和混合钝化剂处理降低了土壤中离子交换态Cd43.67%、47.35%。5种钝化剂的施用均能降低小白菜的Cd含量,其中混合钝化剂处理在不影响小白菜产量和品质的同时,增强了土壤酶活性,降低了土壤中总Cd及有效Cd（离子态、水溶态）比例。

关键词: 恩施, Cd, 土壤重金属, 钝化剂, 小白菜, 酶活性, 生物量

Abstract:

To solve the problem of heavy metal cadmium pollution in vegetable soil in mountainous areas of Enshi by applying different passivators, the passivation effects of different passivators on cadmium in soil and on the yield, quality and cadmium content of pakchoi were investigated by pot experiments. Five treatments were set up, including biochar, hydroxyapatite, lime powder, fly ash and mixed organic passivator. The results showed that the fresh weight and plant height of pakchoi were promoted by the treatments except lime powder, and the fresh weight of pakchoi increased by 109.72% in the fly ash treatment. Meanwhile, soil pH increased by 25.18%, 36.61% and 28.21% in the hydroxyapatite, lime powder and mixed organic passivator treatments, respectively. All treatments had no significant effect on the activities of urease, cellulase and sucrase in the soil. The biochar and mixed organic passivator treatments significantly increased phosphatase activity by 52.85% and 69.82%, while the lime powder treatment significantly inhibited the activity. Five treatments all reduced the cadmium content of pakchoi. Among them, biochar, hydroxyapatite, lime powder and mixed organic passivator all achieved significant inhibition effects on cadmium absorption, and the effect of lime powder was the best, reducing the cadmium content by 73.80%. All treatments had no significant effect on the quality of pakchoi. In addition, the biochar and mixed organic passivator treatments reduced the total cadmium content in soil by 27.21% and 46.98%, respectively, and the lime powder and mixed organic passivator treatments reduced the ion-exchange cadmium content by 43.67% and 47.35%, respectively. In conclusion, the application of the five passivators can reduce the cadmium content of pakchoi. Among them, the mixed organic passivator treatment can not only enhance enzyme activity, but also reduce the proportion of total cadmium and available cadmium (ionic and water-soluble) in soil without affecting the yield and quality of pakchoi.

Key words: Enshi, cadmium, soil heavy metal, passivator, pakchoi, enzyme activity, biomass

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