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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 17-22.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0400

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

四川盐源玉米种植肥料利用率与经济效益分析

游宇1,2(), 林显凤3, 江云2, 张良2, 张云梅2, 唐冬梅2, 余洪洁2, 熊忠伟1,2()   

  1. 1 南充市农业科学院，四川南充 637000
    2 盐源县农业农村局，四川盐源 615700
    3 南充市种子质量监督检验站，四川南充 637000
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-14 修回日期:2024-10-16 出版日期:2025-01-13 发布日期:2025-01-13
  • 通讯作者:
    熊忠伟，女，1972年出生，正高级农艺师，本科，研究方向：土壤肥料研究与示范推广。通信地址：615700 四川省凉山州盐源县政府街169号 盐源县农业农村局，Tel：0834-6366912，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    游宇，男，1989年出生，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：花生遗传育种。通信地址：637000 四川省南充市顺庆区农科巷137号 南充市农业科学院，Tel：0817-2810301，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系-四川区域特色经济作物创新团队(SCCXTD-2024-12); “2022年四川化肥减量增效项目”(川农函[2022]387号); 四川省农业农村系统帮扶凉山专班(川农函[2022]98号)

Analysis of Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Economic Benefit of Planting Maize in Yanyuan of Sichuan

YOU Yu1,2(), LIN Xianfeng3, JIANG Yun2, ZHANG Liang2, ZHANG Yunmei2, TANG Dongmei2, YU Hongjie2, XIONG Zhongwei1,2()   

  1. 1 Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
    2 Yanyuan County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yanyuan, Sichuan 615700
    3 Seed Quality Supervision and Inspection Station of Nanchong, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
  • Received:2024-06-14 Revised:2024-10-16 Published:2025-01-13 Online:2025-01-13

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摘要：

为了解析盐源玉米种植中氮、磷、钾肥的利用率，推动科学施肥增效，促进耕地保护和质量提升。设置无肥、无氮、无磷、无钾和氮磷钾全肥处理，对玉米的氮磷钾肥利用率进行了分析。结果表明：氮磷钾全肥区除了株高低于无钾区外，茎粗、穗位高、穗粒数和千粒重均高于其他处理；籽粒产量和茎叶产量也最高，分别为12.07 t/hm2和13.55 t/hm2，由高到低的顺序均为氮磷钾全肥区(T5)>无钾区(T4)>无磷区(T3)>无氮区(T2)>无肥区(T1)；氮磷钾全肥区产投比最低，为4.73，但经济效益最高。供试玉米品种在试验地的氮、磷、钾肥利用率由高到低为钾肥>氮肥>磷肥，利用率分别为56.61%，43.14%、9.55%。因此盐源玉米生产应选择含氮、磷、钾养分的复合肥料，且钾、氮养分含量高于磷的最佳；同时应增施有机肥、种植绿肥改善生态环境，提升农作物品质。

关键词: 玉米, 肥料, 利用率, 盐源, 氮肥, 磷肥, 钾肥, 经济效益

Abstract:

To analyze the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in corn planting in Yanyuan, promote scientific fertilization to increase efficiency, and promote the protection and quality improvement of cultivated land, we set up treatments of no fertilizer, no nitrogen, no phosphorus, no potassium and NPK full fertilizer to carry out the utilization rate analysis of NPK fertilizer for corn. The results indicated that stem diameter, ear height, number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight of NPK fertilizer treatment were higher than those of other treatments, except that plant height was lower than that of no potassium; the grain yield and stem and leaf yield were also the highest, which were 12.07 t/hm2 and 13.55 t/hm2, respectively. The order from high to low was full fertilizer zone (T5) > potassium-free zone (T4) > phosphorus free zone (T3) > nitrogen free zone (T2) > fertilizer free zone (T1). The yield to investment ratio of NPK fertilizer area was the lowest (4.73), but the economic benefit was the highest. The utilization rates of N, P and K in the experimental field were from high to low as K > N > P, and the utilization rates were 56.61%, 43.14% and 9.55%, respectively. Therefore, the composite fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be selected for corn production in Yanyuan, and the content of potassium and nitrogen should be higher than that of phosphorus. At the same time, we should increase the application of organic fertilizer and plant green fertilizer to improve the ecological environment and improve the quality of crops.

Key words: maize, fertilizer, utilization rate, Yanyuan, nitrate fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, economic benefits