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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (35): 37-45.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0803

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

钼尾矿生态修复技术及综合利用研究进展

王雨龙1(), 朱国燕1, 姚溪蕊1, 宋辰1, 张龙刚2, 常伟3, 张萌萌3()   

  1. 1 伊春鹿鸣矿业有限公司,黑龙江伊春 152505
    2 中铁环境科技工程有限公司,长沙 410000
    3 黑龙江大学生命科学学院/农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心/黑龙江省寒地生态修复与资源利用重点实验室/黑龙江省普通高校微生物重点实验室,哈尔滨 150080
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-12 修回日期:2025-11-07 出版日期:2025-12-11 发布日期:2025-12-11
  • 通讯作者:
    张萌萌,女,1989年出生,黑龙江哈尔滨人,副教授,博士,研究方向:修复生态学、微生物生态学。通信地址:150080 黑龙江哈尔滨南岗区学府路74号 生命科学学院,Tel:0451-86609306,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    王雨龙,男,1987年出生,内蒙古化德人,高级工程师,本科,研究方向:矿区安全检测。通信地址:152500 黑龙江省伊春市铁力林业局鹿鸣林场,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    伊春鹿鸣矿业有限公司科技创新课题项目“矿区生物生态恢复及固碳体系研究”(LM(2024)-B-006)

Ecological Restoration Technology and Comprehensive Utilization of Molybdenum Tailings: A Review

WANG Yulong1(), ZHU Guoyan1, Yao Xirui1, SONG Chen1, ZHANG Longgang2, CHANG Wei3, ZHANG Mengmeng3()   

  1. 1 Yichun Luming Mining Co.Ltd, Yichun, Heilongjiang 152505
    2 China Railway Environment and Technology Engineering Limited Company, Changsha 410000
    3 Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education / Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region / Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province / School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
  • Received:2025-09-12 Revised:2025-11-07 Published:2025-12-11 Online:2025-12-11

摘要:

在全球气候变化与生物多样性丧失的双重挑战下,矿区生态修复的需求愈发迫切。钼尾矿作为矿产加工的主要固体废弃物,其长期堆积不仅侵占土地资源,更因成分复杂,富含铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)等重金属及酸性物质,直接威胁农业生产环境与农产品安全。因此,推进钼尾矿的生态修复与资源化利用刻不容缓。本文系统梳理了应对钼尾矿问题的两大核心策略:其一,针对污染土壤的生态修复技术,总结了物理(如客土、电动修复)、化学(如固化/稳定化、淋洗)及生物(如超富集植物)等主流方法的机理与应用;其二,尾矿的资源化利用途径,重点探讨了服务于农林业可持续发展的新方向,包括复垦基质配制、土壤改良剂与硅钾肥开发、以及林业碳汇生态系统构建等。当前,生态修复与资源化利用实践相对独立。未来发展的关键在于构建“修复—资源化—碳减排”深度融合的综合治理范式,旨在同步实现三重目标:高效控制环境风险与恢复生态功能、最大化资源价值产出并减少尾矿堆积、显著降低全链条碳排放。该整合路径不仅能系统解决钼尾矿的环境与经济双重挑战,更直接服务于耕地保护、粮食安全及“双碳”战略。

关键词: 钼矿, 尾矿, 生态修复, 重金属, 资源化利用

Abstract:

The ecological restoration of mining areas is increasingly urgent due to the dual pressures of global climate change and biodiversity loss. As the main solid waste from mining, molybdenum tailings pose a direct threat to agricultural production environments and food safety due to their long-term accumulation, which not only occupies land but also induces soil acidification, water pollution, and a sharp decline in biodiversity, caused by their high content of heavy metals (such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As)) and acidic substances). Consequently, advancing the ecological restoration and resource utilization of molybdenum tailings is imperative. This paper systematically reviews two core strategies for addressing molybdenum tailings-related issues. First, it summarizes mainstream technologies for the ecological restoration of contaminated soil, including physical methods (such as soil introduction and electric remediation), chemical methods (such as solidification/stabilization and leaching), and biological methods (such as the use of hyperaccumulating plants). Second, it focuses on the resource utilization of tailings, which not only evaluates their potential applications in construction materials (e.g., concrete, ceramics), but also emphasizes new directions that support sustainable development in agriculture and forestry, including the formulation of reclamation substrates, the development of soil amendments and silicon-potassium fertilizers, and the establishment of forestry carbon sink ecosystems. At present, the practice of ecological restoration and resource utilization is relatively independent. The key to the future development lies in the construction of a comprehensive governance paradigm of deep integration of ‘restoration-resource-carbon emission reduction’. This integrated strategy aims to achieve three goals simultaneously: efficiently controlling environmental risks and restoring ecological functions; maximizing resource value output while reducing tailings accumulation; and significantly reducing carbon emissions throughout the governance chain. By following this integrated approach, we can systematically address the dual environmental and economic challenges posed by molybdenum tailings and directly contributing to cultivated land protection, food security, and the national "dual carbon" strategy.

Key words: molybdenum mine, tailings, ecological restoration, heavy metal, resource utilization