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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 155-162.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0279

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

纳米农药及载体材料的研究现状

陈雷1,2(), 李连蓉1,2, 张秋圆1, 段双刚1, 吴俨2(), 姚琼1()   

  1. 1 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所， 农业农村部华南果蔬绿色防控重点实验室，广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室， 广州 510640
    2 贵阳学院， 贵州省农业生物安全全省重点实验室， 贵阳 550005
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-26 修回日期:2025-08-15 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-02-09
  • 通讯作者:
    姚琼，1984年出生，研究员，博士，研究方向：农业昆虫与害虫防治。通信地址：510640 广州市天河区金颖路7号 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，E-mail：；
    吴俨，1987年出生，教授，博士，研究方向：农业昆虫与害虫防治。通信地址：550005 贵州省贵阳市南明区见龙洞路103号 贵阳学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    陈雷，男，1998年出生，贵州毕节人，硕士研究生，研究方向：生物与医药。通信地址：510640 广州市天河区金颖路7号广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“化学感受蛋白CSPs介导荔枝蒂蛀虫解毒高效氯氟氰菊酯的机制研究”(32472564); 国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系(CARS-32); 广东省农业和乡村振兴人才项目(NYQN202417); 贵州省第六批高层次创新型人才贵阳市培养对象项目((2022)005); 贵州省农业生物安全全省重点实验室(黔科合ZSYS(2025)024)

Current Status of Research on Nano-pesticides and Carrier Materials

CHEN Lei1,2(), LI Lianrong1,2, Zhang Qiuyuan1, DUAN Shuanggang1, WU Yan2(), YAO Qiong1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640
    2 Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosecurity, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005
  • Received:2025-04-26 Revised:2025-08-15 Published:2026-02-15 Online:2026-02-09

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摘要：

近年来，纳米技术在植物病虫害防治领域取得了一系列突破性进展，为农业高效生产与可持续发展提供了有力技术支撑。本文系统梳理了纳米技术在农药控释领域的研究进展，重点分析了聚合物类、无机非金属类、金属类及生物类四类纳米载体材料的特性，总结了各类载体在农药负载效率、控释性能与环境响应特性等方面的优势，并着重分析了多糖、介孔二氧化硅、金属有机框架等典型载体材料的作用机制及应用潜力。结果显示：（1）各类载体均能提升农药稳定性与靶向性，介孔二氧化硅、金属有机框架等载药率可达33.58%~ 46.27%，且具备pH、温度等环境响应释放能力；（2）纳米农药可降低农药降解率（经52 h紫外照射后降解率降低20%以上），提升对靶标生物的防治效果，减少环境风险；（3）目前存在制备工艺复杂、成本偏高、载药率不足及生态安全性尚不明确等问题。提出应进一步强化载体材料的功能化设计、推动低成本绿色合成技术研发、建立健全安全性评价体系等建议，以促进纳米农药在可持续农业中的规模化应用与推广。

关键词: 纳米材料, 杀虫剂, 纳米载体, 控释, 安全农业

Abstract:

In recent years, a series of breakthrough advances of nano-technology have been made in the field of plant disease and pest control, providing strong technological support for efficient agricultural production and sustainable development. This review systematically outlines the research progress of nano-technology in pesticide controlled-release, with a focus on summarizing the current status of four categories of carrier materials: polymeric, inorganic non-metallic, metallic, and bio-based carriers; highlights the advantages of these carriers in terms of pesticide loading efficiency, controlled-release performance, and environmental responsiveness; special emphasis is placed on analyzing the mechanisms and application potential of representative materials such as polysaccharides, mesoporous silica, and metal-organic frameworks, offering insights for the development of efficient, eco-friendly, and intelligent nano-pesticides. The results show that: (1) all kinds of carriers can improve the stability and targeting of pesticides. The drug loading rate of mesoporous silica and metal organic frameworks can reach 33.58%-46.27%, and they have environmental response release ability such as pH and temperature. (2) Nano-pesticides can reduce the degradation rate of pesticides (the degradation rate is reduced by more than 20% after 52 h UV irradiation), improve the control effect on target organisms, and reduce environmental risks. (3) The review identifies existing challenges in nano-pesticide development, including complex fabrication processes, relatively high costs, insufficient drug-loading capacity, and unresolved ecological safety concerns. Recommendations are proposed to further enhance the functional design of carrier materials, advance research on low-cost green synthesis technologies, and establish comprehensive safety evaluation systems to promote the large-scale application and adoption of nano-pesticides in sustainable agriculture.

Key words: nanomaterials, insecticides, nanocarriers, controlled release, safe agriculture