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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 14-21.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0851

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

豫北地区夏播宜机收玉米品种（系）适应性初筛

李春林(), 杨美丽(), 王帮太, 鹿红卫, 程翠, 秦贵文   

  1. 鹤壁市农业科学院， 河南鹤壁 458031
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-09 修回日期:2025-12-11 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-03-30
  • 通讯作者:
    杨美丽，女，1983年出生，河南开封人，副研究员，硕士研究生，主要从事抗病玉米种质创新和宜机收玉米新品种育种工作。通信地址：458030 鹤壁市淇滨区漓江东路，鹤壁市农业科学院，Tel：15139201822，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李春林，男，1971年出生，河南鹤壁人，助理研究员，本科，主要从事抗病玉米种质创新和宜机收玉米新品种育种工作，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河南省农业良种联合攻关项目“高产多抗宜机收玉米种质鉴定和新品种选育(2022010202)

Adaptive Preliminary Screening of Summer Sowing Maize Varieties (Lines) Suitable for Machine Harvest in Northern Henan Province

LI Chunlin(), YANG Meili(), WANG Bangtai, LU Hongwei, CHENG Cui, QIN Guiwen   

  1. Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hebi, Henan 458031
  • Received:2025-10-09 Revised:2025-12-11 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-03-30

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摘要：

为筛选适合豫北地区种植且适宜机械化收获的高产玉米品种，以23个宜机收玉米品种（系）为材料，‘郑单958’‘京农科728’为对照，在豫北地区开展田间试验，系统测定农艺性状、产量性状及机收相关性状共17项指标，采用主成分分析、隶属函数分析及双向平均作图法进行综合评价。结果表明：主成分分析从9个关键性状指标中提取4个主成分因子，累计贡献率为85.04%，涵盖各性状指标的绝大部分信息；隶属函数分析初步筛选出8个综合表现较优的宜机收玉米品种（系）；双向平均作图法（以籽粒含水量、理论产量和生育期为关键指标）筛选出7个宜机收玉米品种（系）。综合所有分析结果，最终确定‘鲁单6228’（4号）、‘浚单816’（7号）、‘鲁单651’（18号）、‘Q3761’（20号）、‘京农科728’ （23号，对照2）等为豫北地区最适宜机械化收获的品种（系），‘百玉5272’（5号）、‘浚单806’（11号）、‘郑单112’（21号）为较适宜机械化收获品种（系），‘郑单958’（22号，对照1）因其收获时籽粒含水量和生育期均较高不适合机械化收获。本研究建立了豫北地区夏播宜机收玉米品种的综合评价体系，明确了关键筛选指标，为当地宜机收玉米品种的推广应用及后续育种工作提供了科学依据。

关键词: 玉米, 宜机收, 适应性, 主成分分析, 隶属函数分析, 品种（系）筛选

Abstract:

In order to screen high-yield maize varieties suitable for planting and mechanical harvesting in northern Henan Province, the planting performance of 23 maize varieties (lines) suitable for mechanical harvesting in northern Henan Province were analyzed. A total of 17 indexes of agronomic traits, yield traits and mechanical harvest related traits were systematically determined, and comprehensive evaluation was carried out by principal component analysis, membership function analysis and two-way average mapping method. Four principal component factors were extracted from 9 character indexes, and the cumulative contribution rate was 85.04%, covering most information of each character index. 8 maize varieties (lines) suitable for mechanical harvest were screened out by comprehensive judgment combined with membership function analysis method, and 7 maize varieties (lines) suitable for mechanical harvest were screened out by bidirectional average plotting method using 3 key indexes of grain water content, theoretical yield and growth period. Based on all the analysis results, it was finally selected that the five varieties (lines) of ‘Ludan 6228’, ‘Xundan 816’, ‘Ludan 651’, ‘Q3761’, and ‘Jingnongke 728’ were the most suitable varieties (lines) for mechanized harvesting in northern Henan. ‘Baiyu 5272’, ‘Xundan 806’, ‘Zhengdan 112’ are more suitable for mechanized harvesting. ‘Zhengdan 958’ is not suitable for mechanized harvesting due to its high grain moisture content and growth period at harvest. This study initially formed the adaptability evaluation standard of mechanized corn varieties, and also provided theoretical basis for the screening and breeding of high-yield corn varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest.

Key words: maize, suitable for mechanical harvest, adaptability, principal component analysis, membership function analysis, variety (line) screening