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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 130-140.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0592

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同生长年限野生叠鞘石斛根际土壤微生物群落的结构特征

彭翠仙1(), 王灿1, 杨玉玲1, 李玲1, 李桂琳2, 孙宏伟1, 陶永宏1()   

  1. 1 云南省文山州农业科学院， 云南文山 663000
    2 云南省德宏热带农业科学研究所， 云南瑞丽 678600
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-15 修回日期:2026-03-04 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者:
    陶永宏，男，1982年出生，云南泸西人，研究员，博士，主要从事中药材新品种选育和优质高产栽培技术研究。通信地址：663000 云南省文山壮族苗族自治州文山市泰康西路2号，Tel：0876-3037538，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    彭翠仙，女，1988年出生，云南曲靖人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事中药资源收集及开发利用研究。通信地址：663000 云南省文山壮族苗族自治州文山市泰康西路2号，Tel：0876-3037538，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技特派队“麻栗坡县下金厂乡铁厂乡科技特派队”(WS031020)

Structural Characteristics of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Communities in Wild Dendrobium denneanum with Different Growth Years

PENG Cuixian1(), WANG Can1, YANG Yuling1, LI Ling1, LI Guilin2, SUN Hongwei1, TAO Yonghong1()   

  1. 1 Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenshan, Yunnan 663000
    2 Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute, Ruili, Yunnan 678600
  • Received:2025-07-15 Revised:2026-03-04 Published:2026-04-15 Online:2026-04-15

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摘要：

为了解目前野生叠鞘石斛不同生长年限其根际微生物群落结构状况问题，探究不同生长年限叠鞘石斛根际土壤微生物群落结构，以及微生物群落与药材有效成分和土壤养分的相关性。收集山脚未生长石斛的无处理土壤(XCK)以及叠鞘石斛生长2年的根际土壤(A2)、3年的根际土壤(A3)和4年的根际土壤(A4)，测量各年份叠鞘石斛多糖、石斛酚、浸出物含量及土壤养分，并通过高通量测序对其根际微生物群落进行结构解析。结果表明，随着叠鞘石斛生长年限增加，叠鞘石斛根际土壤细菌丰富度和多样性先减少后增加，土壤真菌丰富度和多样性先增加后减少。在根际微生物群落分析中，细菌中相对丰度最高的是变形菌门(Proteobacteria)，占比分别是XCK、A2、A3、A4分别为38.2%、54.3%、59.3%、36.5%；其次是拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)，A4处理为42.6%，高于XCK处理(26.4%)、A3处理(22.0%)和A2处理(21.0%)；酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)中，XCK处理为11.9%，高于A3、A4、A2处理(10.3%、9.6%、8.8%)。真菌中丰度最高的是被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)，A2、A4、A3、XCK占比分别为58.1%、55.3%、26.6%、21.0%；其次是子囊菌门(Ascomycota)，XCK为52.9%，高于A3处理(43.3%)、A2处理(35.2%)和A4处理(31.6%)；在担子菌门(Basidiomycota)中，A3处理为17.3%，高于XCK、A2和A4处理(6.0%、5.7%、4.2%)。相关性分析表明，土壤有机质、腐殖质、全磷、全氮、钙等与叠鞘石斛根际土壤微生物群落有较大相关性。Mortierella、Trichoderma、Ilyonectria、Clonostachys、Phialemonium、Dactylonectria、Exophiala、Veronaea等属与叠鞘石斛部分有效成分显著正相关。不同生长年限叠鞘石斛根际土壤中的微生物种类差异较大，生长年限对微生物群落多样性具有显著影响。

关键词: 叠鞘石斛, 生长年限, 根际微生物, 群落结构, 土壤养分, 有效成分

Abstract:

The paper aims to address the current issues of growth age and rhizosphere soil community structure of wild Dendrobium denneanum. To explore the microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil of D. denneanum with different growth years, and the correlation between microbial community and effective components of medicinal materials and soil nutrients, four soil samples were set up, including the control group of untreated soil without D. denneanum (XCK), and the rhizosphere soil of D. denneanum grown for 2 years (A2), 3 years (A3), and 4 years (A4). High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the microbial community structure, while the contents of polysaccharides, phenols, extracts of D. denneanum and soil nutrients were determined. The results showed that with the extension of D. denneanum growth years, the richness and diversity of rhizosphere soil bacteria first decreased and then increased, whereas those of fungi first increased and then decreased. At the phylum level of bacteria, Proteobacteria had the highest relative abundance, with the proportion in A3 reaching 59.3%, which was the highest among all groups; followed by Bacteroidota which was most abundant in A4 (42.6%), and Acidobacteriota which was most abundant in XCK (11.9%). For fungi, Mortierellomycota was the dominant phylum, with the highest proportion in A2 (58.1%); Ascomycota was most abundant in XCK (52.9%); and Basidiomycota had the highest relative abundance in A3 (17.3%). Correlation analysis indicated that soil organic matter, humus, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and calcium were significantly correlated with the rhizosphere soil microbial community of D. denneanum. Meanwhile, fungal genera such as Mortierella, Trichoderma, Ilyonectria were significantly positively correlated with some effective components of D. denneanum. In conclusion, the growth years of D. denneanum had a significant impact on the species composition and diversity of its rhizosphere soil microbial community.

Key words: Dendrobium denneanum, growth years, rhizosphere microorganisms, community structure, soil nutrients, active ingredients