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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 15-21.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0629

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物炭在花生种植中的应用研究进展

周立垚(), 刘娟(), 刘海礁, 崔亚男, 刘兵, 罗艺龙, 于泷程, 陈亚菲, 许日升, 马腾飞   

  1. 河南省农业科学院花生研究所/农业农村部黄淮海油料作物重点实验室/河南省油料作物遗传改良重点实验室， 郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-23 修回日期:2026-03-16 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者:
    刘娟，女，1982年出生，山东泰安人，副研究员，博士，主要从事花生栽培生理生态研究。通信地址：450002 河南省郑州市花园路116号 河南省农业科学院花生研究所，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    周立垚，女，1993年出生，河南许昌人，博士，主要从事花生栽培生理生态研究。通信地址：450002 河南省郑州市花园路116号 河南省农业科学院花生研究所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系“黄淮区域高产栽培岗位”(CARS-13); 河南省科技攻关“基于不同耕作方式与氮肥运筹的花生田减排机理及应用研究”(242102111072); 河南省科技攻关“减氮配施生物炭对花生田固碳减排影响机理及应用研究”(252102111081)

Research Progress on Application of Biochar in Peanut Cultivation

ZHOU Liyao(), LIU Juan(), LIU Haijiao, CUI Yanan, LIU Bing, LUO Yilong, YU Longcheng, CHEN Yafei, XU Risheng, MA Tengfei   

  1. Peanut Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou 450002
  • Received:2025-07-23 Revised:2026-03-16 Published:2026-04-15 Online:2026-04-15

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摘要：

花生主产区存在土壤酸化、连作障碍突出、化肥减量与固碳减排压力大等问题。为系统梳理生物炭在花生优质高效生产中的应用成效与机制，推动秸秆资源化与耕地质量提升，综述了花生种植中生物炭的原材料种类、施用量和施用方式，重点分析生物炭对花生生长发育、产量品质、土壤理化性质、微生物群落、污染修复及固碳减排的影响。结果表明，适宜原料与用量的生物炭可促进花生出苗与根系生长、提高光合效率、增加荚果产量，提升油酸等品质指标；能有效改良酸化土壤，提升有机质与养分有效性，优化微生物群落结构，降低镉等重金属有效性；同时显著减少N2O、CH4排放，增强土壤固碳能力，实现增产与减排协同。但当前研究仍存在试验周期偏短、长期效应与机制不清、专用化与区域化不足等短板。综上所述，生物炭是花生田绿色提质、固碳减排的高效改良材料，与减氮、耕作、灌溉等协同增效显著。未来应加强长期定位研究、机制解析与区域专用产品研发，推进生物炭在黄淮海等花生主产区规模化应用。

关键词: 花生, 生物炭, 产量, 品质, 土壤, 固碳减排, 应用

Abstract:

In view of the issues of soil acidification, continuous cropping obstacles, fertilizer reduction, carbon sequestration and emission reduction in the main peanut producing areas in China, the paper aims to systematically sort out the application effect and mechanism of biochar in the high-quality and efficient production of peanuts, and promote the utilization of straw resources and the improvement of cultivated land quality. It first summarized the types of biochar raw materials, application dosages, and application methods adopted in peanut cultivation. Then, it explored the impacts of biochar on peanut growth and quality, soil physicochemical properties, soil microorganisms, and the mitigation of soil pollution in peanut fields. Additionally, the article analyzed the role of biochar in soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction within peanut cropping systems. The results showed that biochar with suitable raw materials and dosage could promote peanut emergence and root growth, improve photosynthetic efficiency, increase pod yield, and improve quality indicators such as oleic acid. It could effectively improve acidified soil, enhance the effectiveness of organic matter and nutrients, optimize microbial community structure, and reduce the effectiveness of heavy metals such as cadmium. At the same time, it significantly reduced N2O and CH4 emissions, enhanced soil carbon sequestration capacity, and achieved synergy between yield increase and emission reduction. However, there are still some shortcomings in the current research, such as short test period, unclear long-term effects and mechanisms, and insufficient specialization and regionalization. In summary, biochar is an efficient improvement material for green quality improvement, carbon sequestration and emission reduction in peanut fields, and has significant synergistic effects with nitrogen reduction, tillage and irrigation. In the future, long-term positioning research, mechanism analysis and regional special product development should be strengthened to promote the large-scale application of biochar in the main peanut producing areas such as Huanghuaihai.

Key words: peanut, biochar, yield, quality, soil, carbon sequestration and emission reduction, application