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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (31): 114-121.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1939

所属专题： 资源与环境； 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于形态鉴定及叶片解剖结构对云南白莺山古茶树资源的聚类分析

吴华玲,李崇兴,陈栋,李家贤,黄华林,乔小燕,左成琳   

  1. 广东省农业科学院饮用植物研究所（茶叶研究中心），广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室,临沧市茶叶科学研究所,广东省农业科学院饮用植物研究所（茶叶研究中心），广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室，,广东省农业科学院饮用植物研究所（茶叶研究中心），广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室,广东省农业科学院饮用植物研究所（茶叶研究中心），广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室,广东省农业科学院饮用植物研究所（茶叶研究中心），广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室,云南省云县人民政府茶叶办公室
  • 收稿日期:2014-07-14 修回日期:2014-07-14 接受日期:2014-09-05 出版日期:2014-11-20 发布日期:2014-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 吴华玲
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“红茶育种专家岗”( CARS-23)；省级农业科技推广专项“高香型红茶新品种及配套技术集成示范推广”(201201119)

Clustering Analysis of Ancient Tea Plants in Yunnan Baiying Mountain Based on Morphological Identification and Leaf Anatomical Structure

  • Received:2014-07-14 Revised:2014-07-14 Accepted:2014-09-05 Online:2014-11-20 Published:2014-11-20

摘要： 对云南白莺山地区12 种类型古茶树资源共60 份材料进行形态及叶片解剖结构研究，在此基础上，构建系统聚类图分析这12 类茶树的亲缘关系，旨在为今后深入研究白莺山古茶树资源的起源与演化、加快珍稀古茶树资源的开发利用提供形态学和细胞学的参考依据。研究结果表明：12 类古茶树可分为2 大类和4 小类，野生型的本山茶与3 个半野生型的黑条子茶、二嘎子茶和大叶本山白芽口茶归为第Ⅰ类，为乔木或小乔木，树型高大，芽叶茸毛无或稀少，叶片大，角质层较厚，栅栏细胞1 层，石细胞多且粗大；其他8 个类型归为第Ⅱ类，其中4 个栽培类型包括勐库大叶茶、勐库小叶茶、白芽子茶和豆蔑茶归为第Ⅱ-a 类，为小乔木或灌木，芽叶茸毛较多，叶片栅栏细胞1~2 层，石细胞少且小；柳叶茶、贺庆茶、藤子茶3 个半野生类型资源归为第Ⅱ-b 类，为灌木，树型开张，芽叶茸毛中等，中叶，具有1~2 层栅栏细胞，石细胞少且小；红芽茶单独成第Ⅱ-c 类，为半野生型灌木，芽叶呈鲜艳紫红色，大叶，石细胞形态和大小多样。

关键词: 评价, 评价

Abstract: In this study, the morphology and leaf anatomical structure of 12 kinds of ancient tea plants including 60 germplasms were identified and analyzed. On this base, a dendrogram of these ancient tea plants was established and genetic relationship among them was analyzed, which would provide morphological and cytological evidences for lucubrating their origination and evolution, as well as accelerating their development and utilization. The results indicated that, 12 kinds of gemplasms were clustered into two main groups and four subclasses. Group Ⅰ consisted of one wild type (Benshan) and three semi-wild types (Heitiaozi, Ergazi and Dayebenshanbaiyakou), which were tall arbors or semi-arbors with absent or sparse young shoot pubescences, large leaves, thicker cuticles, one lay of palisade cells and many bulky sclereids. Four cultivated types (Menkudaye, Menkuxiaoye, Baiyazi and Doumie) belonged to group Ⅱ-a, which were semi-arbors or shrubs with denser young shoot pubescences, one to two layers of palisade cells, as well as few small sclereids. Three semi-wild types (Liuye, Heqing and Tengzi) were classed into group Ⅱ-b, which were horizontal spreading shrubs with medium young shoot pubescences, medium leaves, one to two layers of palisade cells and few small sclereids. Group Ⅱ-c had only one member, Hongya, which was semi-wild shrub with bright reddish violet young shoots, large leaves, and diversifying sclereidsin morphologyand size.