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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (23): 144-150.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0417

所属专题: 园艺

• 三农研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

设施蔬菜种植户的化肥施用效率及其影响因素研究

花文元1(), 李宁辉2, 罗良国1()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081
    2中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-16 修回日期:2021-06-08 出版日期:2021-08-15 发布日期:2021-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 罗良国
  • 作者简介:花文元,男,1995年出生,江苏盐城人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:农业经济学。通信地址:100081 北京市海淀区中关村南大街12号 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,Tel:010-82106034,E-mail: 15195917312@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划“化肥农药减施增效技术应用及评估研究项目”(2016YFD0201306)

Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors of Facility Vegetable Growers

Hua Wenyuan1(), Li Ninghui2, Luo Liangguo1()   

  1. 1Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2021-04-16 Revised:2021-06-08 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-26
  • Contact: Luo Liangguo

摘要:

农户化肥施用量的快速增加不仅降低了化肥施用效率,同时造成了一系列的环境问题。通过明晰农户化肥施用效率和其影响因素,为今后政府制定相关政策引导农民合理施肥,减轻日益突出的农业面源污染借鉴与参考。基于辽宁、山东两省的113份设施蔬菜种植户调研数据,运用随机前沿分析模型,测度了调研地区设施蔬菜种植户的生产技术效率及化肥施用效率,并分析了农户化肥施用效率的影响因素。结果表明:调研地区大部分农户蔬菜种植技术效率介于60%和70%之间,而其化肥施用效率值介于10%和30%之间;农户是否参与技术培训与化肥施用效率间存在显著的正向关系,农户参与技术培训能够使其化肥施用效率提高8.6%,此外,农户受教育水平、是否具有正确的环保认知也与其化肥施用效率存在显著的正向关系。要进一步加强提高施肥效果的适用方法与技术的研究和实践推广,对种植户进行技术培训及有效的农业知识信息传递。

关键词: 化肥施用效率, 生产技术效率, 影响因素, 随机前沿分析

Abstract:

The rapid increase in the use of chemical fertilizer has not only reduced the efficiency of chemical fertilizer use, but also caused a series of environmental problems. Clarifying the fertilizer use efficiency and its influencing factors can help the government formulate relevant policies to guide farmers’ fertilizer use and reduce the agricultural non-point source pollution. Based on 113 survey data of facility vegetable growers in Liaoning and Shandong, the technical efficiency and fertilizer use efficiency of facility vegetable growers were measured by a stochastic frontier analysis model. Influencing factors of the fertilizer use efficiency was also investigated. The results show that the technical efficiency of most farmers in the survey area is between 60% and 70%, and the fertilizer use efficiency is between 10% and 30%. There is a significantly positive relationship between farmers’ participation in technical training and the fertilizer use efficiency and the participation in technical training could increase the efficiency by 8.6%. In addition, the fertilizer use efficiency is also closely related to farmers’ education level and whether they have environmental awareness. It is necessary to further strengthen the research and practice of applicable methods and technologies to improve the fertilizer use efficiency, and conduct technical training and promote the transmission of agricultural knowledge.

Key words: fertilizer use efficiency, technical efficiency, influencing factors, stochastic frontier production model

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