关键词: 农业废弃物, 寒地好氧堆肥, 资源化利用, 无害化处理, 有机肥

Abstract:

The agricultural wastes in northeast China mainly consist of straw and chicken manure, which contain not only a large amount of material and energy resources, but also a large number of antibiotics and pathogenic bacteria. Properly handled, the wastes can be turned into resources, otherwise, they could be the biggest pollution source in agricultural production. Meanwhile, the cold climate in northeast China makes it difficult to raise the temperature in the process of thoroughly decomposing of the wastes. High temperature decomposing in the aerobic composting process can seal heavy metals on the surface of wastes, degrading antibiotics and eliminating pathogenic bacteria. It is regarded as the most harmless treatment method at present. In this study, Xingxian village was taken as the example. The utilization potential of fertilizer was estimated and analyzed by using the grass-seed ratio and nutrient balance ratio. The siting factors and systematic treatment scheme of compost in the cold region were determined by using a satellite remote sensing map. It was estimated that the total nitrogen yield of agricultural organic waste compost in the village could satisfy the production of 454.341 t maize or 474. 993 t rice each year. The aerobic composting could produce 400 t of organic fertilizer per year after centralized treatment. This study has certain practicability, and can provide reference for the resource utilization and harmless treatment of rural agricultural wastes in northeast China.

Key words: agricultural waste, cold region aerobic composting, resource utilization, harmless disposal, organic fertilizer