欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 11-19.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0342

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦新品种成熟期N、P养分利用效率鉴定

吕广德(), 孙盈盈, 牟秋焕, 徐加利, 颜丽美, 徐慧媛, 尹逊栋, 陈永军, 钱兆国()   

  1. 泰安市农业科学院， 山东泰安 271000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-24 修回日期:2025-06-15 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-02-09
  • 通讯作者:
    钱兆国，男，1971年出生，研究员，硕士，主要从事小麦遗传育种研究。通信地址：271000 山东省泰安市泰山区唐王大街316号 泰安市农业科学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    吕广德，男，1987年出生，高级农艺师，博士，主要从事小麦遗传育种研究。通信地址：271000 山东省泰安市泰山区唐王大街316号 泰安市农业科学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    山东省小麦产业技术体系“小麦遗传育种岗位专家”(SDAIT-01-05); 国家小麦产业技术体系“泰安综合试验站”(CARS-03-62)

Identification of N and P Use Efficiency at Maturity of New Wheat Varieties

LYU Guangde(), SUN Yingying, MU Qiuhuan, XU Jiali, YAN Limei, XU Huiyuan, YIN Xundong, CHEN Yongjun, QIAN Zhaoguo()   

  1. Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, Shandong 271000
  • Received:2024-05-24 Revised:2025-06-15 Published:2026-02-15 Online:2026-02-09

RichHTML

0

PDF (PC)

4

摘要：

针对小麦生产中氮磷化肥过量施用导致利用率低、环境污染的问题，旨在筛选氮、磷高效利用的小麦种质资源。本研究以42份近年审定推广的小麦新品种为材料，设置正常施肥对照(CK)、低氮(LN)、低磷(LP) 3个处理，基于成熟期籽粒产量，参照小麦育种联合攻关养分利用效率鉴定公式，计算各材料的氮素利用效率(NUI)和磷素利用效率(PUI)。设定NUI≥1.300和PUI≥1.100分别作为氮素高效和磷素高效材料的筛选阈值。结果显示：筛选获得氮素高效利用材料5份，分别是‘中麦578’、‘丰德存麦5号’、‘新麦28’、‘新麦38’、‘济麦55’；筛选获得磷素高效利用材料8份，分别是‘中麦578’、‘石优20’、‘华麦158’、‘岱麦366’、‘鲁研951’、‘中麦9088’、‘圣麦918’、‘轮选49’；其中，‘中麦578’为同时兼具氮、磷高效利用特性的材料。本研究通过上述方法鉴定出的养分高效利用小麦种质资源，为资源高效型小麦新品种的选育提供了重要的材料基础和理论支撑。

关键词: 小麦, 成熟期, 氮素, 磷素, 利用效率

Abstract:

In response to the problem of low utilization rates and environmental pollution caused by excessive application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in wheat production, the aim was to screen out wheat germplasm resources with high efficiency in nitrogen and phosphorus utilization. This study utilized 42 newly approved and recently promoted wheat varieties as experimental materials and established three treatment groups: normal fertilization control (CK), low nitrogen (LN), and low phosphorus (LP). Based on the grain yield at the mature stage and referring to the formula for identifying nutrient utilization efficiency in the joint research on wheat breeding, the nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUI) and phosphorus utilization efficiency (PUI) of each material were calculated. NUI≥1.300 and PUI≥1.100 were set as the screening thresholds for nitrogen-efficient and phosphorus-efficient materials respectively. The results showed that five samples of materials for efficient nitrogen utilization were screened out, namely 'Zhongmai 578', 'Fengde cunmai 5', 'Xinmai 28', 'Xinmai 38' and 'Jimai 55'; eight materials for efficient utilization of phosphorus were screened out, namely 'Zhongmai 578', 'Shiyou 20', 'Huamai 158', 'Daimai 366', 'Luyan 951', 'Zhongmai 9088', 'Shengmai 918', and 'Lunxuan 49'. Among them, 'Zhongmai 578' is a material that simultaneously possesses the characteristics of efficient utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus. The nutrient-efficient utilization wheat germplasm resources identified through the above-mentioned methods in this study provide an important material basis and theoretical support for the breeding of new resource-efficient wheat varieties.

Key words: wheat, mature period, nitrogen, phosphorus, utilization efficiency