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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1-8.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0854

• 农学·农业基础科学农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

内蒙稻区香型水稻种质的适应性评价及优异亲本筛选

孙乌日娜1(), 梁爽1, 刘佳2, 韩烽1, 温丽1, 罗巍1, 白璐1, 薛海楠1, 韩磊1, 刘季骢1, 马奔驰1, 李子凡1, 高雅楠2, 徐兴健1()   

  1. 1 兴安盟农牧科学院/内蒙古自治区北方寒地水稻育种创新重点实验室， 兴安盟乌兰浩特 137400
    2 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所， 哈尔滨 150081
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10 修回日期:2025-12-05 出版日期:2026-06-12 发布日期:2026-06-12
  • 通讯作者:
    徐兴健，男，1984年出生，内蒙古乌兰浩特人，研究员，博士，主要从事环境微生物研究。通信地址：137400 内蒙古兴安盟乌兰浩特市乌察路农研巷9号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    孙乌日娜，女，1987年出生，内蒙古乌兰浩特人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：水稻育种与栽培技术研究。通信地址：137400 内蒙古兴安盟乌兰浩特市乌察路农研巷9号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古科技计划“内蒙稻区香型粳稻优质新种质创制”(2023YFDZ0038); 内蒙古自治区生物育种技术创新中心“优质高食味粳稻新种质创制与应用”(2024NSZC06)

Adaptability Evaluation of Aromatic Rice Germplasm and Screening of Elite Parental Lines in Inner Mongolia Rice-growing Region

SUN Wurina1(), LIANG Shuang1, LIU Jia2, HAN Feng1, WEN Li1, LUO Wei1, BAI Lu1, XUE Hainan1, HAN Lei1, LIU Jicong1, MA Benchi1, LI Zifan1, GAO Yanan2, XU Xingjian1()   

  1. 1 Hinggan League Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Rice Breeding Innovation in Northern Cold Region of Inner Mongolia, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400
    2 Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081
  • Received:2025-10-10 Revised:2025-12-05 Published:2026-06-12 Online:2026-06-12

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摘要：

针对内蒙古寒地稻区香型粳稻种质资源匮乏、适应性不清、优异亲本缺乏等问题，为筛选适宜当地的香型水稻优良亲本，本研究以127份水稻种质为材料，采用单本插秧方式，在兴安盟开展2 a田间适应性鉴定，系统分析其生育期、形态特征、农艺性状，并利用分子标记检测badh2-E7香型基因型，综合评价表型变异与育种利用潜力。结果表明：供试种质均能正常成熟，其中早熟、中熟、中晚熟和晚熟类型分别占2.36%、33.86%、41.73%和22.05%，以中晚熟类型（播种—成熟146~155 d）为主；群体表型变异丰富，变异系数9.23%~28.60%，性状表现为颖尖秆黄色、穗型与分蘖适中、剑叶角度较小、无芒且抗倒伏性强、结实率高；株高以中秆(56.69%)为主，穗型以中穗(69.29%)居多；结实率≥90%的种质占69.29%，倒二叶宽度中等占95.28%，分子检测显示103份（81.1%）携带badh2-E7香味基因。本研究筛选出23份优异香型种质，齐穗期集中在7月21日—26日，茎秆长度平均为83.64±10.37 cm，熟期适中、株型优良、香味稳定，适配内蒙寒地生态条件。研究明确了北方寒地香型稻种质表型规律，获得一批可直接利用的优良亲本，为内蒙稻区优质香型水稻育种提供亲本资源与理论依据；后续可开展杂交配组与产量、抗逆、食味同步改良。

关键词: 香型, 寒地水稻, 内蒙稻区, 适应性评价, badh2-E7, 种质筛选, 农艺性状, 种质资源

Abstract:

To address the problems of lack of germplasm resources, unclear adaptability and lack of excellent parents of aromatic japonica rice in cold region of Inner Mongolia, this study analyzed 127 rice germplasms in terms of their growth period, agronomic traits and fragrance gene, aiming to provide parental materials and theoretical references for fragrant rice breeding in Inner Mongolia. Field adaptability identification was carried out in Hinggan League for 2 years using single-plant transplanting, and agronomic and economic traits were systematically investigated throughout the entire growth period. The results showed that all the tested germplasms could mature normally, with early-maturing, medium-maturing, medium-late-maturing and late-maturing types accounting for 2.36%, 33.86%, 41.73% and 22.05% respectively, and medium-late-maturing types (146-155 days from sowing to maturity) was the dominant type. The traits were characterized by yellowish glume tips and culms, medium-sized panicles and tillers, small flag leaf angles, awnless and strong lodging resistance; medium-statured plants (56.69%) were the majority, and medium-sized panicles (69.29%) were the most common; 69.29% of the germplasms had a grain-filling rate of ≥90%, and 95.28% had medium-width second upper leaves. A total of 103 materials carried the badh2-E7 fragrance gene. This study screened out 23 fragrant rice germplasms, with their full heading period concentrated from July 21st to 26th, and the average stem length was 83.64 ± 10.37 cm, which can provide excellent parental resources for fragrant rice breeding in Inner Mongolia. The study clarified the phenotypic rules of fragrant rice germplasm in the northern cold region, and provided theoretical basis for the breeding of high-quality fragrant rice in the Inner Mongolia rice region. Subsequently, hybrid mating group and yield, stress resistance and taste can be improved simultaneously.

Key words: fragrance type, cold rice, Inner Mongolia rice area, adaptability evaluation, badh2-E7, germplasm screening, agronomic traits, germplasm resources

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