Abstract: The objectives were to compare the diversity of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of healthy strawberry and infected strawberry with anthracnose, study the bacterial community ecological features involved, and provide evidence for further biocontrol bacteria screening. The diversity analysis was based on the variation of 16S rDNA V3-V4 area and performed by the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform. The results showed that the infection resulted in reduced number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and diversity index when compared with the healthy specimens. Proteobacteria, bacteroidetes and planctomycetes were dominant shared by the two kind specimens at the phylum level. The two kind specimens had different dominant bacterial compositions at the genus level. In disease soil, the abundance of Pseudomonas was significantly decreased while the abundance of Aeromonas was significantly increased. In addition, the abundance of detoxification bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria in healthy soil were higher than those in disease soil. The rhizosphere soil bacteria abundance and the diversity of healthy strawberry were higher than those of infected strawberry. The structures of bacterial flora were quite different from each other in the two kind specimens. And the relative abundances of beneficial functional microbial groups in healthy soils were higher than that of the disease soils.