Abstract:

The content of nitrogen was taken as quantitative index, one full chemical fertilizer treatment and five treatments of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substituted by biogas residue as basal fertilizer were designed to study the application potential of biogas residue as basal fertilizer for grape production in large area. The results showed that the grape yield first increased and then decreased, with the increase of the ratio of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substituted by biogas residue as basal fertilizer, and the yield of 100%NZY treatment was the highest, as 18197.03 kg/hm ²; grape weight and grape bunch weight showed the same trend. With the increase of the ratio of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substituted by biogas residue as basal fertilizer, some growth indicators, such as days from germination to maturity, leaf SPAD values, the internode length and roughness of new tip, 100 leaves fresh weight and single leaf area, showed a gradually growing trend, and reached the highest in 150%NZY treatment, showing delayed maturation period and remaining green when it due to become ripe, which affected the yield. The quality of grape fruit can be improved by using biogas residue as basal fertilizer, 70%NZY and 100%NZY treatments had good effect. The content of Cu, Zn and Pb in grape fruit increased slightly, while the content of Cr decreased slightly, the content of Cd and As showed no remarkable change, with the increase of the ratios of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substituted by biogas residue as basal fertilizer. The contents of heavy metal in grape fruit of all treatments were lower than the maximum levels of contaminants in foods (GB 2762-2005). Therefore, considering grape yield and quality indicators, 100% chemical fertilizer nitrogen substituted by biogas residue as basal fertilizer could be used as a reference for quantitative application of biogas residue as basal fertilizer in grape production.

Key words: basal fertilizer, biogas residue, chemical fertilizer nitrogen, grape, yield, quality