The Effects of Long-term Positioning Fertilizer on Yield, Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Rotation Potato

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110011

Abstract

Abstract:

To reveal the effects of long-term fertilization on the chestnut soil in the north Yinshan area, potato yield, nutrient absorption, water and fertilizer use efficiency were studied based on the long-term positioning experiment in the Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia. Results showed that LAI, biomass and fertilizer absorption could be significantly enhanced under the combined use of chemical and organic fertilizer (NPK+O) or balanced fertilization (NPK). The maximum LAI and biomass were 2.19 and 136.53 g/plant. The maximum amount of absorption of N, P and K was 3.35, 0.36 and 6.99 g/plant, respectively. Combined use of chemical and organic fertilizer (NPK+O) and balanced fertilization (NPK) could also enhance the potato yield, water use efficiency and fertilizer use efficiency. Potato yield could be increased by 110.57% and 85.44% compared with potato planted without fertilization of NPK+O and NPK. Under the condition of NPK+O and NPK, the commercial yield could be enhanced by 295.11% and 247.56%, the commercial rate was raised by 25 percentage point. Water use efficiency could be enhanced to 42.98、38.27 kg/(hm ²·mm), 107.42% and 38.27% higher than that of the control. The use efficiency of N, P₂O₅and K₂O was 25.44%, 20.78% and 61.13%, respectively. Producing 1 t potato needed to uptake 3.79-6.41 kg N, 1.28-1.80 kg P₂O₅ and 5.44-11.70 kg K₂O, and the average value was 5.29, 1.61 and 7.99 kg, respectively. The study could provide a basis for optimizing the fertilization of rainfed potato in the north Yinshan area.

Key words: long-term fertilization, potato, nutrient absorption, yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency

CLC Number:

S532

Zhang Jun, Pan Zhihua, Duan Yu, Zhao Peiyi, Wang Bo, Li Huanchun, Lian Haifei. The Effects of Long-term Positioning Fertilizer on Yield, Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Rotation Potato[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(4): 36-43.

Figures/Tables 7

References 25

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处理	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
NPK	150	45	75
NP	150	45	0
NK	150	0	75
PK	0	45	75
OM	142.5	76.5	292.5
NPK+O	292.5	121.5	367.5
N	150	0	0
CK	0	0	0

处理	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
NPK	150	45	75
NP	150	45	0
NK	150	0	75
PK	0	45	75
OM	142.5	76.5	292.5
NPK+O	292.5	121.5	367.5
N	150	0	0
CK	0	0	0

处理	总产量/(t/hm²)	商品薯产量/(t/hm²)	商品薯数/(万粒/hm²)	平均单薯质量/(g/粒)	商品薯率/%
NPK	11.99±0.44b	6.52±0.44ab	4.34±0.62a	97.95±8.7a	54.31±1.92a
NP	8.57±0.54c	4.13±0.48c	2.83±0.72c	83.38±6.34b	48.07±3.47b
NK	9.01±0.51c	4.43±0.41c	3.83±0.20ab	83.33±8.95b	49.15±1.95ab
PK	7.64±0.34d	2.53±0.31d	1.82±0.25d	77.46±0.6bc	33.16±3.82c
OM	11.91±0.18b	6.38±0.19b	4.33±0.19a	95.8±2.41a	53.55±2.10ab
NPK+O	13.62±0.83a	7.41±1.34a	4.4±0.35a	96.73±6.47a		54.17±6.64a
N	8.65±0.35c	4.15±0.15c	3.27±0.5bc	84.12±4.63b		47.98±0.61b
CK	6.47±0.34e	1.88±0.09d	1.68±0.06d	69.2±4.39c		29.03±1.61c

处理	总产量/(t/hm²)	商品薯产量/(t/hm²)	商品薯数/(万粒/hm²)	平均单薯质量/(g/粒)	商品薯率/%
NPK	11.99±0.44b	6.52±0.44ab	4.34±0.62a	97.95±8.7a	54.31±1.92a
NP	8.57±0.54c	4.13±0.48c	2.83±0.72c	83.38±6.34b	48.07±3.47b
NK	9.01±0.51c	4.43±0.41c	3.83±0.20ab	83.33±8.95b	49.15±1.95ab
PK	7.64±0.34d	2.53±0.31d	1.82±0.25d	77.46±0.6bc	33.16±3.82c
OM	11.91±0.18b	6.38±0.19b	4.33±0.19a	95.8±2.41a	53.55±2.10ab
NPK+O	13.62±0.83a	7.41±1.34a	4.4±0.35a	96.73±6.47a		54.17±6.64a
N	8.65±0.35c	4.15±0.15c	3.27±0.5bc	84.12±4.63b		47.98±0.61b
CK	6.47±0.34e	1.88±0.09d	1.68±0.06d	69.2±4.39c		29.03±1.61c

处理	播前水分/mm	收获时水分/mm	降雨量/mm	补灌量/mm	耗水量/mm	水分利用效率/[kg/(hm²·mm)]
NPK	195.8	191.2	263.69	45	313.3	38.27b
NP	225.3	222.9	263.69	45	311.0	27.54cd
NK	225.7	224.5	263.69	45	309.9	29.07c
PK	230.4	231.2	263.69	45	307.9	24.82d
OM	179.9	172.7	263.69	45	315.9	37.70b
NPK+O	199.6	191.4	263.69	45	316.8	42.98a
N	182.9	180.5	263.69	45	311.1	27.80c
CK	238.6	239.3	263.69	45	308.0	20.99e