Herbicide Ingredients in Fermentation Broth of One Strain of Fungi: Analysis

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200088

Abstract

Abstract:

To identify the herbicidal potential and constituents of microorganisms from Eucalyptus rhizosphere, a strain of fungi from the rhizosphere soil of Eucalyptus was used as material. The herbicidal activity of the strain fermentation broth was identified by bioassay, and the components of fermentation broth were further verified by GC-MS. The results showed that the fermentation broth of the strain at different concentrations had significant inhibition on the root length, plant height and dry weight of barnyard grass. The inhibition rate of the fermentation broth on the root length of barnyard grass was the highest (7.55%) under 50 times of diluted solution. The highest inhibition rate of barnyard grass height and dry weight was 56.53% and 25.46% by undiluted fermentation broth, respectively. GC-MS results showed that a total of 86 substances were detected, of which the largest proportion of compounds was nitrogen compounds accounting for 59.10%, followed by carboxylic acids and esters accounting for 19.26%. The bioassay results showed that o-coumaric acid, citral and piperine could inhibit the root length and plant height of lettuce at low concentrations. These results indicated that the strain could produce a variety of allelochemical analogues compounds, which made the strain fermentation broth have a strong weed-inhibition, and a great potential to be developed as a microbial herbicide.

Key words: Eucalyptus, weed-inhibiting fungi, fermentation broth, allelochemical, GC-MS

CLC Number:

S181

Zhang Qi, Zhang Qingxu, Pang Xiaomin, Wang Haibin, Ye Jianghua, Jia Xiaoli, He Haibin. Herbicide Ingredients in Fermentation Broth of One Strain of Fungi: Analysis[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(35): 106-112.

Figures/Tables 4

References 30

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s	TM1	TM2	TM3	TM4
根长	5.02±0.45b	2.15±0.18c	5.81±0.23b	7.55±0.32a
株高	56.53±4.86a	46.97±4.32bc	51.02±2.35b	42.73±6.18c
干重	25.46±1.16a	17.17±3.09bc	22.53±2.10b	10.38±2.86c

s	TM1	TM2	TM3	TM4
根长	5.02±0.45b	2.15±0.18c	5.81±0.23b	7.55±0.32a
株高	56.53±4.86a	46.97±4.32bc	51.02±2.35b	42.73±6.18c
干重	25.46±1.16a	17.17±3.09bc	22.53±2.10b	10.38±2.86c

类别	化合物名称	分子式	相对含量/%
含氮类化合物	Alanine	C₃H₇NO₂	1.02
	Proline, 5-oxo-, methyl ester	C₆H₉NO₃	0.78
	1-Hexanamine	C₆H₁₅N	1.39
	Cyclohexanamine, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-	C₁₀H₂₁N	1.35
	3-Hydroxyethyl aniline	C₈H₁₁NO	0.78
	Butanamide, 3-methyl-	C₅H₁₁NO	1.16
	Hexadecanamide	C₁₆H₃₃NO	0.63
	Cyclopentanecarboxamide,3-ethenyl-2-(3-pentenylidene)-N-phenyl-	C₁₉H₂₃NO	1.12
	Ethanimidic acid, ethyl ester	C₄H₁₀ClNO	1.03
	1,3,4-Thiadiazol-2- amino	C₂H₃N₃S	0.50
	1,2,4-Thiadiazole, 5-amino-	C₂H₃N₃S	0.56
	Propanenitrile, 3-(methylthio)-	C₄H₇NS	5.84
	2-Amino-9-fluorenone	C₁₃H₉NO	0.86
	Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, [3,5-dimethyl-1- (thiophene-2-carbonyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]amide	C₁₅H₁₃N₃O₂S₂	0.37
	Tranexamic acid	C₈H₁₅NO₂	2.09
	7H-Dibenzo(a,g)carbazole	C₂₀H₁₃N	0.64
	6-Benzamido-4-benzoyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione	C₁₇H₁₂N₄O₄	0.93
	Thiazole	C₃H₃NS	0.78
	Phenol, 2-amino-5-methyl-	C₇H₉NO	2.02
	Phenylephrine	C₉H₁₃NO₂	1.92
	Phenol, 2-(2-furyl)(2-pyrimidylamino)methyl-	C₁₅H₁₃N₃O₂	0.47
	5-Amino-7-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-phenyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile	C₂₀H₁₅N₅O	0.50
	1H-Imidazole-1-ethanol,-methyl-	C₆H₁₀N₂O	3.88
	2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid	C₇H₅NO₄	0.98
	4,6-Diamino-O-cresol	C₇H₁₀N₂O	0.43
	1,2,3-Benzothiadiazol-5-ol	C₆H₄N₂OS	0.49
	2,4-Dimethoxy-5-pyrimidine carboxaldehyde	C₇H₈N₂O₃	1.20
	9H-Pyrido[3,4-b]indole	C₁₁H₈N₂	1.62
	Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-	C₇H₁₀N₂O₂	5.20
	2,4-Dihydroxypyridine	C₅H₅NO₂	1.58
	Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-	C₁₁H₁₈N₂O₂	0.68
	4,4-Dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-1-vinylimidazolidine	C₇H₁₀N₂O₂	0.86
	Chlorpropham	C₁₀H₁₂ClNO₂	0.69
	Cyclohexanecarbonitrile, 4-oxo-1-phenyl-	C₁₃H₁₃NO	0.51
	1,3-Benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid, 6-acetamino-	C₁₀H₉NO₅	0.69
	Butyric acid, 4-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-oxo-	C₉H₁₄N₂O₄	1.05
	3,6-Diisopropyl-2,5-dioxomorpholine	C₁₀H₁₇NO₃	0.77
	4-Aminoresorcinol	C₆H₇NO₂	0.72
	Isoproterenol tri-TMS derivative	C₁₁H₁₇NO₃	0.66
	Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, 4,5-dimethyl-3-(1-pyrrolyl)-	C₁₁H₁₁NO₂S	2.52
	Ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one, 3-hydroxy-, O-methyloxime	C₂₉H₄₇NO₂	1.94
	Indazol-4-one, 5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-3-pyridin-3-yl -2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-	C₂₀H₁₉N₃O	1.56
	1H-Carbazole-9-ethanol, 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-[[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thio]methyl]-	C₁₉H₂₃N₃OS	1.24
	1-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-2-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-4-ol	C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₆	0.42
	3-Methyl-butyric acid, 4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester	C₁₃H₁₉NO₃	0.57
	Carbamic acid, methyl-, phenyl ester	C₈H₉NO₂	0.68
	Furo[3,4-c]pyridin-1(3H)-one, 7-hydroxy-6-methyl-	C₈H₇NO₃	0.55
	Acetic acid, cyano-, 2-methoxyethyl ester	C₆H₉NO₃	0.87
	小计		59.10
香草醛或香豆素类化合物	Vanillin	C₈H₈O₃	1.71
	Benzaldehyde, 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-	C₈H₈O₄	0.91
	Benzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxy-	C₉H₁₀O₃	1.33
	Benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-	C₈H₈O₃	1.43
	8-Hydroxycoumarin	C₉H₆O₃	1.25
	3-n-Butyrylcoumarin	C₁₃H₁₂O₃	0.56
	小计		7.19
羧酸及酯类化合物	4-Acetylbutyric acid	C₆H₁₀O₃	1.60
	4-Acetylbenzoic acid	C₉H₈O₃	0.89
	Crotonic acid	C₄H₆O₂	2.96
	4-Acetoxycinnamic acid	C₁₁H₁₀O₄	1.47
	3-Phenylpropionic acid, 5-methoxy-2-[3,4-dimethoxyphenyl]-	C₁₈H₂₀O₅	1.63
	Propionylfilicinic acid	C₁₁H₁₄O₄	0.86
	3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid	C₉H₁₀O₃	1.01
	Protocatechuic acid	C₇H₆O₄	3.09
	3,5-di-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid	C₁₇H₂₆O₃	0.63
	Dodecanoic acid, 2-methyl-	C₁₃H₂₆O₂	0.51
	Methyl 4-methoxysalicylate	C₉H₁₀O₄	0.55
	Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, pentyl ester	C₁₂H₁₆O₃	0.88
	Benzoic acid, 2,3,4-trihydroxy-, methyl ester	C₈H₈O₅	1.12
	1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate	C₇H₁₄O₂	0.77
	1,5-Hexadiene-3-carboxylic acid, 1-methoxy-5-methyl-, methyl ester	C₁₀H₁₆O₃	0.59
	Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester	C₁₉H₃₈O₂	0.70
	小计		19.26
酮类化合物	1-Indanone, 5,6-dimethyl-	C₁₁H₁₂O	0.72
	2,6-Dihydroxyacetophenone	C₈H₈O₃	0.93
	2,5-Dihydroxypropiophenone	C₉H₁₀O₃	1.38
	2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-	C₆H₁₂O₂	1.00
	7,7-Bis-hydroxymethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one	C₁₀H₁₆O₅	0.83
	小计		4.86
醇（酚）类化合物	3,3-Dimethyl-2-pentanol	C₇H₁₆O	0.60
	1,2-Propanediol, 3-methoxy-	C₄H₁₀O₃	1.14
	2-Propylcyclohexanol	C₉H₁₈O	0.46
	(2,3-Dimethyloxiranyl) methanol	C₅H₁₀O₂	1.28
	Vinylfuran	C₆H₆O	0.93
	1-(2-Furyl)-3-buten-1-ol	C₈H₁₀O₂	0.57
	1,4-Benzenediol, 2,3,5-trimethyl-	C₉H₁₂O₂	0.93
	trans-4-Methyl-5-methoxy-1-(1-hydroxy-1-isopropyl)cyclohex-3-ene	C₁₁H₂₀O₂	0.47
	2(R),3(S)-1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol	C₄H₁₀O₄	1.05
	小计		7.43
Citral		C₁₀H₁₆O	1.57
3H-Benz(e)indene, 2-methyl-		C₁₄H₁₂	0.60

类别	化合物名称	分子式	相对含量/%
含氮类化合物	Alanine	C₃H₇NO₂	1.02
	Proline, 5-oxo-, methyl ester	C₆H₉NO₃	0.78
	1-Hexanamine	C₆H₁₅N	1.39
	Cyclohexanamine, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-	C₁₀H₂₁N	1.35
	3-Hydroxyethyl aniline	C₈H₁₁NO	0.78
	Butanamide, 3-methyl-	C₅H₁₁NO	1.16
	Hexadecanamide	C₁₆H₃₃NO	0.63
	Cyclopentanecarboxamide,3-ethenyl-2-(3-pentenylidene)-N-phenyl-	C₁₉H₂₃NO	1.12
	Ethanimidic acid, ethyl ester	C₄H₁₀ClNO	1.03
	1,3,4-Thiadiazol-2- amino	C₂H₃N₃S	0.50
	1,2,4-Thiadiazole, 5-amino-	C₂H₃N₃S	0.56
	Propanenitrile, 3-(methylthio)-	C₄H₇NS	5.84
	2-Amino-9-fluorenone	C₁₃H₉NO	0.86
	Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, [3,5-dimethyl-1- (thiophene-2-carbonyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]amide	C₁₅H₁₃N₃O₂S₂	0.37
	Tranexamic acid	C₈H₁₅NO₂	2.09
	7H-Dibenzo(a,g)carbazole	C₂₀H₁₃N	0.64
	6-Benzamido-4-benzoyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione	C₁₇H₁₂N₄O₄	0.93
	Thiazole	C₃H₃NS	0.78
	Phenol, 2-amino-5-methyl-	C₇H₉NO	2.02
	Phenylephrine	C₉H₁₃NO₂	1.92
	Phenol, 2-(2-furyl)(2-pyrimidylamino)methyl-	C₁₅H₁₃N₃O₂	0.47
	5-Amino-7-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-phenyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile	C₂₀H₁₅N₅O	0.50
	1H-Imidazole-1-ethanol,-methyl-	C₆H₁₀N₂O	3.88
	2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid	C₇H₅NO₄	0.98
	4,6-Diamino-O-cresol	C₇H₁₀N₂O	0.43
	1,2,3-Benzothiadiazol-5-ol	C₆H₄N₂OS	0.49
	2,4-Dimethoxy-5-pyrimidine carboxaldehyde	C₇H₈N₂O₃	1.20
	9H-Pyrido[3,4-b]indole	C₁₁H₈N₂	1.62
	Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-	C₇H₁₀N₂O₂	5.20
	2,4-Dihydroxypyridine	C₅H₅NO₂	1.58
	Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-	C₁₁H₁₈N₂O₂	0.68
	4,4-Dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-1-vinylimidazolidine	C₇H₁₀N₂O₂	0.86
	Chlorpropham	C₁₀H₁₂ClNO₂	0.69
	Cyclohexanecarbonitrile, 4-oxo-1-phenyl-	C₁₃H₁₃NO	0.51
	1,3-Benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid, 6-acetamino-	C₁₀H₉NO₅	0.69
	Butyric acid, 4-(2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-oxo-	C₉H₁₄N₂O₄	1.05
	3,6-Diisopropyl-2,5-dioxomorpholine	C₁₀H₁₇NO₃	0.77
	4-Aminoresorcinol	C₆H₇NO₂	0.72
	Isoproterenol tri-TMS derivative	C₁₁H₁₇NO₃	0.66
	Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, 4,5-dimethyl-3-(1-pyrrolyl)-	C₁₁H₁₁NO₂S	2.52
	Ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one, 3-hydroxy-, O-methyloxime	C₂₉H₄₇NO₂	1.94
	Indazol-4-one, 5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-3-pyridin-3-yl -2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-	C₂₀H₁₉N₃O	1.56
	1H-Carbazole-9-ethanol, 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-[[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thio]methyl]-	C₁₉H₂₃N₃OS	1.24
	1-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-2-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-4-ol	C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₆	0.42
	3-Methyl-butyric acid, 4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester	C₁₃H₁₉NO₃	0.57
	Carbamic acid, methyl-, phenyl ester	C₈H₉NO₂	0.68
	Furo[3,4-c]pyridin-1(3H)-one, 7-hydroxy-6-methyl-	C₈H₇NO₃	0.55
	Acetic acid, cyano-, 2-methoxyethyl ester	C₆H₉NO₃	0.87
	小计		59.10
香草醛或香豆素类化合物	Vanillin	C₈H₈O₃	1.71
	Benzaldehyde, 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-	C₈H₈O₄	0.91
	Benzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxy-	C₉H₁₀O₃	1.33
	Benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-	C₈H₈O₃	1.43
	8-Hydroxycoumarin	C₉H₆O₃	1.25
	3-n-Butyrylcoumarin	C₁₃H₁₂O₃	0.56
	小计		7.19
羧酸及酯类化合物	4-Acetylbutyric acid	C₆H₁₀O₃	1.60
	4-Acetylbenzoic acid	C₉H₈O₃	0.89
	Crotonic acid	C₄H₆O₂	2.96
	4-Acetoxycinnamic acid	C₁₁H₁₀O₄	1.47
	3-Phenylpropionic acid, 5-methoxy-2-[3,4-dimethoxyphenyl]-	C₁₈H₂₀O₅	1.63
	Propionylfilicinic acid	C₁₁H₁₄O₄	0.86
	3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid	C₉H₁₀O₃	1.01
	Protocatechuic acid	C₇H₆O₄	3.09
	3,5-di-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid	C₁₇H₂₆O₃	0.63
	Dodecanoic acid, 2-methyl-	C₁₃H₂₆O₂	0.51
	Methyl 4-methoxysalicylate	C₉H₁₀O₄	0.55
	Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, pentyl ester	C₁₂H₁₆O₃	0.88
	Benzoic acid, 2,3,4-trihydroxy-, methyl ester	C₈H₈O₅	1.12
	1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate	C₇H₁₄O₂	0.77
	1,5-Hexadiene-3-carboxylic acid, 1-methoxy-5-methyl-, methyl ester	C₁₀H₁₆O₃	0.59
	Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester	C₁₉H₃₈O₂	0.70
	小计		19.26
酮类化合物	1-Indanone, 5,6-dimethyl-	C₁₁H₁₂O	0.72
	2,6-Dihydroxyacetophenone	C₈H₈O₃	0.93
	2,5-Dihydroxypropiophenone	C₉H₁₀O₃	1.38
	2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-	C₆H₁₂O₂	1.00
	7,7-Bis-hydroxymethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one	C₁₀H₁₆O₅	0.83
	小计		4.86
醇（酚）类化合物	3,3-Dimethyl-2-pentanol	C₇H₁₆O	0.60
	1,2-Propanediol, 3-methoxy-	C₄H₁₀O₃	1.14
	2-Propylcyclohexanol	C₉H₁₈O	0.46
	(2,3-Dimethyloxiranyl) methanol	C₅H₁₀O₂	1.28
	Vinylfuran	C₆H₆O	0.93
	1-(2-Furyl)-3-buten-1-ol	C₈H₁₀O₂	0.57
	1,4-Benzenediol, 2,3,5-trimethyl-	C₉H₁₂O₂	0.93
	trans-4-Methyl-5-methoxy-1-(1-hydroxy-1-isopropyl)cyclohex-3-ene	C₁₁H₂₀O₂	0.47
	2(R),3(S)-1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol	C₄H₁₀O₄	1.05
	小计		7.43
Citral		C₁₀H₁₆O	1.57
3H-Benz(e)indene, 2-methyl-		C₁₄H₁₂	0.60

化合物	浓度/(μmol/L)	抑制率/%
化合物	浓度/(μmol/L)	株高	根长
胆酸	1000	14.14±3.05a	20.51±1.86a
	500	-3.95±0.07b	9.56±1.08b
	250	-8.64±0.18b	-19.56±6.10c
邻香豆酸	1000	36.70±3.06a	77.71±6.02a
	500	21.46±5.45b	75.72±1.03a
	250	21.05±1.06b	70.90±6.02ab
反式-2,4-癸二烯醛	1000	31.53±2.34a	6.70±1.20a
	500	-6.04±0.46b	2.57±0.10ab
	250	-28.81±1.47c	-3.20±0.15c
α-蒎烯	1000	-42.91±5.07a	-24.69±1.11b
	500	-40.01±3.16a	-10.17±1.09a
	250	-32.40±4.46b	-8.31±0.09a
亚油酸	1000	31.88±2.04a	23.24±1.08a
	500	12.25±2.16b	-16.35±1.14b
	250	-8.91±1.07c	-21.75±1.11c
脯氨酸	1000	-28.59±3.17a	2.08±0.08a
	500	-30.02±1.35b	-15.95±1.08b
	100	-47.62±4.04c	-22.62±3.10c
酪氨酸	1000	-59.30±2.36c	-36.75±1.14c
	500	-29.62±1.35b	17.49±0.27b
	100	-18.76±1.36a	52.04±4.06a
香豆素	1000	-13.56±1.04c	-33.40±3.10c
	500	26.08±1.32b	66.85±4.02ab
	100	39.05±1.01a	73.35±3.82a
柠檬醛	150	85.82±3.23a	100.00 a
	110	54.16±3.14b	25.37±2.06b
	100	6.33±1.11c	5.52±0.31c
香兰素	1000	19.93±1.23a	72.58±0.15a
	500	5.95±0.13b	41.13±7.32b
	100	-6.12±0.43c	-42.28±2.66c
胡椒碱	125	17.39±1.04a	76.30±2..12a
	75	10.36±1.34b	75.93±3.04a
	25	3.24±0.56c	75.98±4.02a