Evaluation of Introduced Garden Tree Species in the Alpine Suburban Areas

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0972

Abstract

Abstract:

To determine the adaptability of introduced garden tree species in the alpine suburban areas, in Huoshaogou of Xinning, a typical alpine region, the abilities of the introduced garden trees to resist freezing injury and maintain characteristic stability were studied by using field plant monitoring and indoor statistical analysis. The results showed that: (1) a slight frost crack at the base of the trunk of Padus virginiana ‘Canada Red’ in late winter and serious shoot shriveling and mild freezing injury of other arbor species in early spring were observed, the color or shape of their leaves changed significantly, and their adaptability value declined in the order of P. virginiana ‘Canada Red’ > A. negundo ‘Aurea’e > S. japonica ‘Golden Stem’ > U. pumila ‘Jinye’; (2) the shoot shriveling (branches, trunks) and frozen spots (buds, leaves, flowers) in the introduced small-arbor species were relatively serious, however, the percentage of flower discoloration or deformity were very low (<10%), and the order of the comprehensive value of adaptability was: Malus micromalus > Amygdalus triloba + davidiana = M. ‘Radiant’ > A. persica f. atropurpurea; (3) most of introduced Syringa species possessed very strong ability to resist freezing injury, whilst only part of annual branches of the four species showed a slight strip; whereas, some species had poor growth and development ability, for example, the Syringa pekinensis var. jinyuan did not develop flower organ, moreover, the order of their comprehensive adaptability was: S. oblatacv Luo-Lan-Zi = S. oblata ‘Buffon’ =S. villosa > S.wolfii>the other five species; (4) the branches or leaves of Euonymus kiautschovicu and Buxus sinica var. Parvifolia were freeze-dried in winter, and the other small shrubs also suffered different degrees of freezing injury and shoot shriveling, the adaptability of shrub species with spherical crown pattern was Prunus triloba var. plena = Spiraea thunbergii > U. pumila ‘Jinye’ > Sabina chinensisr, and the adaptability of the species used for hedgerow was Ligustrum obtusifolium = P.×cistenena ‘Pissardii’ > U. pumila ‘Jinye’. Based on the above results, it is concluded that shoot-shriveling of the introduced garden tree species in Alpine suburban areas is very serious, so some effective measures of preventing shoot shriveling should be taken at the early stage after transplanting.

Key words: alpine region, introduced garden tree species, shoot shriveling, freezing injury, adaptability

CLC Number:

S731.1

LI Zheng. Evaluation of Introduced Garden Tree Species in the Alpine Suburban Areas[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(35): 22-29.

Figures/Tables 11

References 25

[1]	GHANEM S K. The relationship between population and the environment and its impact on sustainable development in Egypt using a multi-equation model[J]. Environment, development and sustainability, 2018, 20(1):305-342. doi: 10.1007/s10668-016-9882-8 URL
[2]	JENSEN T J, CREININ M D. Family planning, population growth, and the environment-science direct[J]. Contraception, 2020, 101(3):145-147. doi: S0010-7824(20)30055-X pmid: 32059839
[3]	张理茜, 蔡建明. 生态环境脆弱地区城市化发展特征及城市发展路径选择流程研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(11):2764-2772.
[4]	ZAI X M, QIN P, WAN S W, et al. The application of beach plum (Prunus maritime) to wasteland vegetation recovery in Jiangsu Province, China: Seedling cloning and transplantation[J]. Ecological engineering, 2009, 35(4):591-596. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.02.005 URL
[5]	钱虹妹, 邵芹英, 张蓓, 等. 上海地区新引种棕榈类植物的低温适应性调研[J]. 上海交通大学学报(农业科学版), 2007, 25(5):463-467.
[6]	ZHANG C, ZHANG D W, DENG X G, et al. Various adaptations of meadow forage grasses in response to temperature changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China[J]. Plant growth regulation, 2019, 88(2):181-193. doi: 10.1007/s10725-019-00499-x URL
[7]	CHEN F H, ZHANG J F, LIU J B, et al. Climate change, vegetation history, and landscape responses on the Tibetan Plateau during the Holocene: A comprehensive review[J]. Quaternary science reviews, 2020, 243:106444. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106444 URL
[8]	王娜, 王奎玲, 刘庆华, 等. 四种常绿阔叶树种的抗寒性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(10):3114-3122. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201610.025
[9]	AMEGLIO T, PIGEON D, Archilla O. Adaptation to cold temperature and response to freezing in roses[J]. Acta horticulture, 2003, 618:515-520.
[10]	刘小勇, 张坤, 沈宝云, 等. 不同越冬处理对苹果幼树抽条和黄酮质量分数的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2012, 21(1):110-114.
[11]	张庆费, 吴海萍, 许东新. 上海引种的7种棕榈科植物冻害状况分析[J]. 浙江林学院学报, 2007, 24(1):110-114.
[12]	赵爽, 苏淑钗, 张兵, 等. 河北省平泉县平欧杂交榛越冬性研究[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2015, 35(4):33-39.
[13]	王贵喜. 中国榛属植物资源培育与利用(Ⅱ)——形态发育、生理和分子生物学研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2018, 31(1):113-121.
[14]	李春牛, 董凤祥, 王贵禧, 等. 平欧杂交榛抗抽条能力及抽条临界含水量研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2010, 23(3):330-335.
[15]	王梓, 徐军亮, 魏红旭. 中国“倒春寒”天气的发生及对树木春季生长影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2015, 39(16):203-209.
[16]	CHADIN I F, DALKE I V, MALYSHEV R V. Evaluation of heracleum sosnowskyi frost resistance after snow cover removal in early spring[J]. Russian journal of biological invasions, 2019, 10(1):83-91. doi: 10.1134/S2075111719010041 URL
[17]	DJAMAN K, KOUDAHE K, DARAPUNENI M, et al. Chilling and heat accumulation of fruit and nut trees and flower bud vulnerability to early spring low temperatures in New Mexico: Meteorological approach[J]. Sustainability, 2021, 13:2524. doi: 10.3390/su13052524 URL
[18]	ZOHNER C M, ROCKINGER A, RENNER S S. Increased autumn productivity permits temperate trees to compensate for spring frost damage[J]. New phytologist, 2019, 221(2):789-795. doi: 10.1111/nph.15445 pmid: 30240028
[19]	MALYSHEV R V, SKUPCHENKO L A, GOLOVKO T K. Growth and hardiness of Syringa vulgaris and S. josikaea (Oleaceae) in Tajga zone of Komi Republic[J]. Rastitelnye resursy, 2009, 45(1):44-50.
[20]	李萍, 刘晓芳, 黄闽敏, 等. 紫叶稠李抗寒性研究[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2009, 24(4):16-18.
[21]	黄瑞敏, 潘刚, 周晔, 等. 西藏核桃引种到内地后坚果品质变化研究[J]. 中国油脂, 2019, 44(5):150-154.
[22]	CLEARY M, BLOMQUIST M, MARCHAND M, et al. Oomycetes in rhizosphere soil of ornamental plants from retail nurseries in Southern Sweden[J]. Forest pathology, 2021, 51(2):1-4.
[23]	LIU C, Y HUANG, WU F, et al. Plant adaptability in karst regions[J]. Journal of plant research, 2021, 134(5):1-18. doi: 10.1007/s10265-021-01252-0 URL
[24]	杜莹, 金水虎, 魏子璐, 等. 紫微山国家森林公园芳香植物资源调查及园林应用评价[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2020, 24(4):475-483.
[25]	李瑞雪, 金晓玲, 胡希军, 等. 6种含笑属植物抗寒性分析与综合评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(5):1464-1472. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201705.039

树种	主干		一级分枝		主干		芽		叶
树种	抽干率/%	抽干程度/%	抽条率/%	抽条程度/%	冻裂率/%	冻裂程度/%	冻伤率/%	冻伤程度/%	冻伤率/%	冻伤程度/%
金叶复叶槭	16.2+0.4b	48.8+4.1b	27.9+1.3c	53.8+3.8b	0.0+0.0b	0.0+0.0b	4.0+0.4b	24.5+1.5b	3.8+0.2b	10.4+1.7c
金枝国槐	23.4+1.6a	68.5+5.8a	35.0+2.2b	75.4+4.7a	0.0+0.0b	0.0+0.0b	1.3+0.1c	13.2+0.6c	1.9+0.2c	22.5+1.5b
金叶榆	28.6+3.2a	39.2+5.3b	47.5+1.2a	64.2+5.7ab	0.0+0.0b	0.0+0.0b	5.4+0.6a	33.7+0.9a	5.5+1.0a	28.3+2.7a
紫叶稠李	0.0+0.0c	0.0+0.0c	0.0+0.0d	0.0+0.0c	61.7+2.2a	0.4+0.1a	0.0+0.0d	0.0+0.0d	0.0+0.0d	0.0+0.0d

树种	主干		一级分枝		主干		芽		叶
树种	抽干率/%	抽干程度/%	抽条率/%	抽条程度/%	冻裂率/%	冻裂程度/%	冻伤率/%	冻伤程度/%	冻伤率/%	冻伤程度/%
金叶复叶槭	16.2+0.4b	48.8+4.1b	27.9+1.3c	53.8+3.8b	0.0+0.0b	0.0+0.0b	4.0+0.4b	24.5+1.5b	3.8+0.2b	10.4+1.7c
金枝国槐	23.4+1.6a	68.5+5.8a	35.0+2.2b	75.4+4.7a	0.0+0.0b	0.0+0.0b	1.3+0.1c	13.2+0.6c	1.9+0.2c	22.5+1.5b
金叶榆	28.6+3.2a	39.2+5.3b	47.5+1.2a	64.2+5.7ab	0.0+0.0b	0.0+0.0b	5.4+0.6a	33.7+0.9a	5.5+1.0a	28.3+2.7a
紫叶稠李	0.0+0.0c	0.0+0.0c	0.0+0.0d	0.0+0.0c	61.7+2.2a	0.4+0.1a	0.0+0.0d	0.0+0.0d	0.0+0.0d	0.0+0.0d

树种	主干		一级分枝		芽		叶		花
树种	抽干率/%	抽干程度/%	抽条率/%	抽条程度/%	冻伤率/%	冻伤程度/%	冻伤率/%	冻伤程度/%	冻伤率/%	冻伤程度/%
红叶碧桃	34.3+1.3a	76.4+5.8a	43.9+2.8a	93.2+2.4a	39.5+5.4a	48.0+3.2a	21.6+3.4a	22.9+1.5a	13.6+1.2a	18.4+2.1a
绚丽海棠	20.5+0.8b	61.2+2.7b	23.2+2.4b	84.7+3.5b	12.3+1.2c	22.8+2.4b	12.8+1.5b	13.3+1.1c	3.6+0.5b	11.1+1.1b
西府海棠	15.6+1.5c	51.7+4.5c	18.5+1.5c	70.2+5.7c	7.5+0.4d	16.0+1.2c	5.6+1.2c	15.7+2.3c	0.5+0.1c	6.8+1.2c
独干红叶榆叶梅	11.5+1.1d	48.3+3.6d	18.8+0.8c	88.4+6.5a	14.5+0.8b	13.8+0.8d	12.2+0.7b	19.5+1.5b	12.5+1.4a	6.8+2.1c

树种	主干		一级分枝		芽		叶		花
树种	抽干率/%	抽干程度/%	抽条率/%	抽条程度/%	冻伤率/%	冻伤程度/%	冻伤率/%	冻伤程度/%	冻伤率/%	冻伤程度/%
红叶碧桃	34.3+1.3a	76.4+5.8a	43.9+2.8a	93.2+2.4a	39.5+5.4a	48.0+3.2a	21.6+3.4a	22.9+1.5a	13.6+1.2a	18.4+2.1a
绚丽海棠	20.5+0.8b	61.2+2.7b	23.2+2.4b	84.7+3.5b	12.3+1.2c	22.8+2.4b	12.8+1.5b	13.3+1.1c	3.6+0.5b	11.1+1.1b
西府海棠	15.6+1.5c	51.7+4.5c	18.5+1.5c	70.2+5.7c	7.5+0.4d	16.0+1.2c	5.6+1.2c	15.7+2.3c	0.5+0.1c	6.8+1.2c
独干红叶榆叶梅	11.5+1.1d	48.3+3.6d	18.8+0.8c	88.4+6.5a	14.5+0.8b	13.8+0.8d	12.2+0.7b	19.5+1.5b	12.5+1.4a	6.8+2.1c

树种	一级分枝结花率/ %	小枝结花/ %	花序长/ cm	花序直径/ cm	新稍长/ cm	花瓣独特性 (0或1)	叶片独特性 (0或1)
什锦丁香	100.0+0.0a	41.2+3.1b	9.5+0.8bc	5.6+0.4a	3.8+0.2e	1+0b	1+0b
紫罗兰丁香	100.0+0.0a	10.6+1.2e	11.6+0.5a	5.1+0.3ab	9.2+0.4b	2+0a	1+0b
波峰丁香	100.0+0.0a	59.1+3.9a	8.1+0.7d	5.6+0.3a	7.6+0.5c	2+0a	1+0b
金叶丁香	50.4+3.5b	14.3+1.6d	3.8+0.2e	2.8+0.3c	1.9+0.g	1+0b	1+0b
红叶丁香	100.0+0.0a	11.5+1.3e	10.2+0.5b	5.5+0.2a	12.7+0.5a	1+0b	1+0b
蓝丁香	100.0+0.0a	26.6+2.1c	2.4+0.1f	1.3+0.1d	1.9+0.1g	1+0b	1+0b
黄丁香	0.0+0.0d	0.0+0.0g	0.0+0.0g	0.0+0.0e	1.7+0.1g	1+0b	1+0b
花叶丁香	2.0+0.2c	0.1+0.0f	7.2+0.3d	4.7+0.3b	2.4+0.1f	1+0b	2+0a
辽东丁香	100.0+0.0a	38.9+2.4b	9.0+0.5c	4.8+0.3b	5.5+0.3d	1+0b	1+0b