Current issue

• 2022 Vol.38 No.35 Published:15 December 2022

  Flocculation Decolorization and Membrane Separation Techniques for the Purification of Saponin from Gleditsia sinensis LIU Yanping, WANG Ying, JIN Yongfu, LI Jiaxin, SUN Weiyu, ZHAO Junjie, XUE Gang 2022, 38 (35):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0643 Abstract + ( 231 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 54 ) In order to obtain high-purity saponin of Gleditsia sinensis, the crude saponin extracted from peel of Gleditsia sinensis by ethanol extracting was used as raw material to study the treatments by various inorganic low molecular flocculants and organic polymer flocculants. By comparing the effects of different kinds and different dosage of flocculants on the purification and decolorization of saponin, the best kind and optimum dosage of flocculants were determined. Then the membrane treatment process was used to further improve the purity of saponin products. The results showed that the best flocculation process was dicyandiamide-dicyandiamide formaldehyde or dicyandiamide-dicyandiamide ammonium flocculants, and the optimum dosage was 1.5% and the stirring speed was 80 r/min. The decolorization rate of Gleditsia sinensis saponin obtained by spray drying was 60% and the saponin content of Gleditsia sinensis increased from 43% to more than 78% after being treated by rolling membrane with three molecular weights of 10000 Da, 2000 Da and 500 Da. Taken together, flocculation decolorization and membrane treatment techniques could be used for the production of high-purity saponin from Gleditsia sinensis, and the study could be a basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of Gleditsia sinensis resources.

  Responses of Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Fraxinus Clones to Coastal Saline-Alkaline Stress LIU Cuilan, WANG Kaifang, WU Dejun, YAN Liping, LI Shanwen, WANG Fang, REN Fei, WANG Yinhua 2022, 38 (35):  7-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1163 Abstract + ( 189 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1443KB )   ( 39 ) In order to screen fine salt-tolerant and fast-growing Fraxinus clones, 42 Fraxinus clones collected in China were studied under coastal saline-alkaline stress. The genetic variation of dry/fresh ratio, plant height, ground diameter, superoxide dismutase (SOD), cell membrane permeability, chlorophyll, peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA) physiological metabolism of the 42 clones were analyzed and evaluated by using the correlation and principal component analysis. The results showed that there were some differences among 8 indexes of the 42 clones. The variation coefficient of peroxidase (POD) was the largest (64.33%), and the range of variation was 25.00-458.30 U/(g·min). The variation coefficient of malondialdehyde (MDA) was the second, with a variation coefficient of 49.52% and a variation range of 0.50-7.08 μmol/kg. In terms of chlorophyll and ground diameter, the coefficient of variation was 18.92% and 18.56%, respectively, and the variation range was 1.46-4.26 mg/g and 1.15-2.78 cm, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the dry/fresh ratio, plant height and ground diameter of seedlings under saline-alkaline stress were significantly or extremely and significantly correlated with various physiological indexes, indicating that the comprehensive evaluation of the salt-tolerance of Fraxinus clones by using growth indexes and physiological indexes could better reflect the response of Fraxinus clones to saline-alkaline stress in coastal areas. According to the comprehensive score and ranking of the 42 clones of Fraxinus germplasm resources by principal component analysis, the top 10 clones with saline-alkaline tolerance from strong to weak were ‘Yan 3’> ‘LC13’> ‘Ji 20’ > ‘R7-2’> ‘Yan 2’ > ‘Huancui 3’ > ‘Jiaonan 11’> ‘Baila 4-2’and ‘Baila 2’> ‘DT21’. Therefore, it is preliminarily concluded that the above 10 clones have significantly fast growth and saline-alkaline tolerance, and could be used as important materials for site afforestation or stress tolerance breeding.

  Characteristics of Carbon Storage in Phyllostulis pubescens Ecosystem with Different Stand Densities LIU Haiying, WANG Zeng, XU Yaowen, GE Xiaogai, ZHOU Benzhi, JIANG Zhonglong 2022, 38 (35):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1217 Abstract + ( 216 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1310KB )   ( 38 ) In order to understand the characteristics of carbon storage and the distribution pattern of carbon pool in Phyllostulis pubescens ecosystem, P. pubescens forests with five typical stand densities were selected in Miaoshanwu Forest Farm of Qianjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station in Zhejiang Province. The carbon storage in the P. pubescens ecosystem was analyzed. The analysis showed that, among the 5 P. pubescens stand densities, the soil organic carbon content decreased with the increase of soil depth. Soil layer carbon storage was the highest component of carbon storage of all stand types, ranging from 127.65 t/hm2 to 166.65 t/hm2. The carbon storage in the arborous layer was from 15.59 t/hm2 to 31.59 t/hm2, and the arborous layer in stand density IV and V had significantly higher carbon storage than that in other stand densities (P<0.05); and the carbon storage in the shrub-herb layer and litter layer was less. With the increase of stand density, the carbon storage of arborous layer, soil layer and the total ecosystem of P. pubescens also increased. In conclusion, with the increase of stand density, the carbon storage of P. pubescens ecosystem increases gradually. Compared with other forest ecosystems, the carbon storage of P. pubescens ecosystem is still slightly lower, and it is recommended to increase the planting density without affecting the economic benefit.

  Evaluation of Introduced Garden Tree Species in the Alpine Suburban Areas LI Zheng 2022, 38 (35):  22-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0972 Abstract + ( 196 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1477KB )   ( 30 ) To determine the adaptability of introduced garden tree species in the alpine suburban areas, in Huoshaogou of Xinning, a typical alpine region, the abilities of the introduced garden trees to resist freezing injury and maintain characteristic stability were studied by using field plant monitoring and indoor statistical analysis. The results showed that: (1) a slight frost crack at the base of the trunk of Padus virginiana ‘Canada Red’ in late winter and serious shoot shriveling and mild freezing injury of other arbor species in early spring were observed, the color or shape of their leaves changed significantly, and their adaptability value declined in the order of P. virginiana ‘Canada Red’ > A. negundo ‘Aurea’e > S. japonica ‘Golden Stem’ > U. pumila ‘Jinye’; (2) the shoot shriveling (branches, trunks) and frozen spots (buds, leaves, flowers) in the introduced small-arbor species were relatively serious, however, the percentage of flower discoloration or deformity were very low (<10%), and the order of the comprehensive value of adaptability was: Malus micromalus > Amygdalus triloba + davidiana = M. ‘Radiant’ > A. persica f. atropurpurea; (3) most of introduced Syringa species possessed very strong ability to resist freezing injury, whilst only part of annual branches of the four species showed a slight strip; whereas, some species had poor growth and development ability, for example, the Syringa pekinensis var. jinyuan did not develop flower organ, moreover, the order of their comprehensive adaptability was: S. oblatacv Luo-Lan-Zi = S. oblata ‘Buffon’ =S. villosa > S.wolfii>the other five species; (4) the branches or leaves of Euonymus kiautschovicu and Buxus sinica var. Parvifolia were freeze-dried in winter, and the other small shrubs also suffered different degrees of freezing injury and shoot shriveling, the adaptability of shrub species with spherical crown pattern was Prunus triloba var. plena = Spiraea thunbergii > U. pumila ‘Jinye’ > Sabina chinensisr, and the adaptability of the species used for hedgerow was Ligustrum obtusifolium = P.×cistenena ‘Pissardii’ > U. pumila ‘Jinye’. Based on the above results, it is concluded that shoot-shriveling of the introduced garden tree species in Alpine suburban areas is very serious, so some effective measures of preventing shoot shriveling should be taken at the early stage after transplanting.

  Soil Nutrient Status Analysis and Soil Fertility Comprehensive Evaluation in Luolong County of Changdu City in Tibet GESANG Dunzhun 2022, 38 (35):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0855 Abstract + ( 250 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1286KB )   ( 42 ) To better understand the soil fertility level at the county scale in Tibet, soil sampling analysis and fertility evaluation were carried out in Luolong County of Changdu City in Tibet. The quality of cultivated land in Luolong County was classified by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, 187 soil samples were collected in 11 towns of Luolong County. The values of 8 fertility indicators, including soil pH, and the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, were measured. The results showed that soil pH in Luolong County varied from neutral to alkaline. The content of soil organic matter and nitrogen were relatively rich. The total nitrogen content was high but the available nitrogen content was average. The total potassium content was average and the available potassium content was high. The content of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus were low. Overall, the soil fertility level in Luolong County is above-average, but a quarter of the soil is low in fertility. In future agricultural production, we should pay attention to the improvement of soil fertility of low fertility soil.

  Effects of Soil Fertility Difference on Summer Maize Yield in Piedmont Plain and Low Plain in Central and Southern Hebei SUN Yanming, HUANG Shaohui, LIU Ketong, YANG Yunma, YANG Junfang, XING Suli, JIA Liangliang 2022, 38 (35):  35-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1149 Abstract + ( 230 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1432KB )   ( 78 ) Evaluating the regional differences of basic soil fertility and clarifying the impact of soil fertility on crop yield are of great importance to improving farmland soil fertility and optimizing nutrient management. In this study, 967 groups of ‘3414’ summer maize field trials, which were conducted in the piedmont and low plains of central and southern Hebei Province from 2005 to 2013, were used to analyze the impact of the difference in basic soil fertility on summer maize yield. The results showed that the soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in the piedmont plain of central and southern Hebei were higher than those in the low plain, and the available potassium content was slightly lower. The basic maize yield for piedmont and low plains were 6133 kg/hm2 and 5815 kg/hm2, respectively, and the soil fertility contribution rates were 71.2% and 69.0%, respectively. The minimum values of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium that could support high yield in the piedmont plain without fertilization were 14.9 g/kg, 1.07 g/kg, 19.1 mg/kg and 127 mg/kg, respectively, and those in low plain were 16.0 g/kg, 0.76 g/kg, 18.8 mg/kg and 106 mg/kg, respectively. The main fertility factors affecting the basic maize yield in the piedmont plain were the soil available potassium content and available phosphorus content, with the influence degree of 38.6% and 24.8%, respectively; the main factors affecting the basic maize yield in the low plain were the soil organic matter content and available phosphorus content, with the influence degree of 45.0% and 32.2%, respectively. The study suggests that the soil fertility improvement in piedmont plain should focus on stabilizing and increasing soil available potassium and available phosphorus contents, while low plain areas should focus on increasing soil organic matter and available phosphorus contents.

  Spatial Variability Characteristics of Farmland Soil Organic Matter in Xi'an SUN Xijun, DENG Rui, LV Shuang, GAO Ying, CAI Miao, GOU Qiaohong, ZHAO Juan 2022, 38 (35):  43-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0594 Abstract + ( 183 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2054KB )   ( 44 ) Accurately identifying the spatial variability of soil organic matter (SOM) and its affecting factors in regional farmland can provide guidance for agricultural production. Taking Xi’an as an example, the spatial variability of farmland SOM and its affecting factors were analyzed by using geostatistics and GIS technology. The results showed that the average content of SOM in the study area was 17.07±4.37 g/kg, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 25.60%. The best theoretical model of SOM semi-variance function was the exponential model, and the nugget coefficient of this model was 49.83%, which indicated that SOM spatial variability in the study area was affected by the dual effects of structure factors and random factors. Taking the northeast—southwest direction as the axis, the spatial distribution of SOM content in the study area generally showed a distribution trend of higher in the middle and lower in the east and west. The SOM content in the study area was affected by soil type, soil texture, landform type and land use type. Meanwhile, SOM content had significantly negative correlations with pH and altitude. Overall, the SOM abundance level in the study area was moderate, and the difference in SOM content of farmland soil in different counties was obvious. In agricultural production, differential fertilization management needs to be carried out in different regions.

  Response of Shallow Soil Moisture Increment to Precipitation in Eastern Qaidam Basin SHEN Ju, XIN Pingping, YANG Qinan, WUYUN Zhula 2022, 38 (35):  54-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0611 Abstract + ( 165 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1547KB )   ( 44 ) The response of shallow soil moisture increment to precipitation was analyzed to provide a meteorological basis for promoting quinoa planting in arid areas. The data of two automatic soil moisture monitoring stations in eastern Qaidam Basin from April to October in 2018-2021 were used for the study, including precipitation, shallow soil water content before precipitation, average temperature during precipitation and precipitation duration. Statistical analysis was performed by Excel and SPSS. The results are as follows. (1) In quinoa growing season, compared with those in Delingha, the small precipitation events were 4% less and the large precipitation events were 6% more in Ulan; the response of soil moisture increment to precipitation in both places showed a lag, and depending on soil depth and precipitation intensity, the single lag time ranged from 1 h to 63 h. (2) Under the same magnitude of precipitation, the soil moisture increment gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth; with the increase of precipitation level, the water content of the same depth layer increased gradually. (3) When the cumulative precipitation was less than 5 mm, the moisture in 0-10 cm soil layer changed, but the moisture in 10-40 cm soil layer did not change; when the precipitation was 5-10 mm, the soil water content of 0-40 cm increased by different amounts according to the surface water content before precipitation; when the precipitation was more than 10 mm, the average soil water content in each layer of 0-40 cm increased significantly. (4) The response of water content in 0-10 cm soil layer to precipitation was insignificantly and negatively correlated with temperature during precipitation, and it was positively correlated with the water content before precipitation, which was significant in Wulan and not obvious in Delingha. The correlation between the response and the precipitation duration was significant (P<0.01). The results could be used as reference for studying water demand of quinoa in each growing period, quinoa water absorption after rain and irrigation.

  Regional Changes of Maize Drought in Jilin Province Based on the Effective Rainfall Deficit LI Yunfeng, YAO Zhiping, FU Yanyan, HAN Dong, MA Shuqing 2022, 38 (35):  62-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1006 Abstract + ( 151 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2426KB )   ( 32 ) Drought and limited rainfall seriously affect high and stable yield of maize in the growing season in Jilin Province. To alleviate serious impact caused by drought, it is necessary to figure out the meteorological index and occurrence frequency of drought in maize growing season, and clarify the risk of drought in various parts of the province. Based on the index of rainfall deficit rate and the daily precipitation data of 47 meteorological stations in Jilin Province from 1961 to 2019, the occurrence frequency of light, medium, heavy and extreme drought in different maize growing periods, and the occurrence frequency of successive drought were analyzed. The results showed that the drought of maize growing season in Jilin Province was divided into three stages: the early stage (April 21 to June 10), the middle stage (June 11 to July 31) and the late stage (August 1 to September 20). Compared with water demand, when the effective rainfall deficit was about 28%, 40%, 55% and more than 62% in the early stage of maize growth, and the effective rainfall deficit was about 32%, 46%, 60% and more than 67% in the middle and late stages, there were light, medium, heavy and extreme drought, and the loss of maize yield per unit area was more than 10% and 15% respectively under heavy drought and extreme drought. The occurrence of drought in maize growing season was frequent, and had a geographical difference. It was more frequent and serious in the western part of the province, while it was less frequent and much lighter in the southeastern part. The drought frequency was the maximum in the early growing stage and lower in the late stage. The frequency was the lowest in the middle stage. The frequency of drought was about 80%, 50% and 65% in the early, middle and late stages in western part of the province, and about 25% of the drought was for successive stages. The frequency of drought was about 50%, 25% and 35% in the early, middle and late stages in the central and northeastern parts, mainly medium drought, and about 10% of the drought was for successive stages. The average frequency of drought was about 25%, 10% and 15% in the early, middle and late stages in southeastern part, mainly light drought, and less than 5% of the drought was for successive stages. The occurrence of drought was related to the water deficit in farmland, and mainly depended on the effective rainfall and water demand in maize growing season.

  Suitable Sowing Temperature for Direct Seeding Early Rice HU Ping, FENG Minyu, WU Fengyu, CAO Heyu 2022, 38 (35):  70-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0194 Abstract + ( 347 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1396KB )   ( 47 ) In order to meet the meteorological service demand of direct seeding early rice in recent years, suitable sowing temperature of direct seeding early rice was studied. A conventional early rice variety ‘Xiangzaoxian 45’ of Nanchang area was used as the research material, five sowing dates were set, which were March 26, March 29, April 2, April 5 and April 10. The seedling emergence rate, agronomic traits and yield of direct seeding early rice under different sowing dates were analyzed. The results showed that there were significantly positive correlations between the seedling rate and the average temperature and minimum temperature during seedling emergence. Timely and early sowing was beneficial to increase effective panicle number, grain number per panicle and seed setting rate of direct seeding early rice. Temperature had obvious effect on the change of seedling height and leaf age. When the average temperature reached 18℃ and the daily minimum temperature was above 15℃ for 3-5 days, it was favorable for direct seeding of early rice.

  Isolation, Identification and Pathogenicity of Sakura Rot Disease on Prunus yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’ HOU Shixing, HU Na, ZHANG Jiming, ZHANG Guoxin, WU Fang 2022, 38 (35):  76-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0610 Abstract + ( 202 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2710KB )   ( 36 ) Sakura rot disease occurs in all cherry blossom planting and viewing areas in China. In particular, it is the most serious damage to Prunus yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’ which is old and weak. In order to better prevent and control sakura rot disease, it is necessary to clarify the species, pathogenicity and incidence rules of sakura rot disease. In this study, Prunus yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’ planted in Yuyuantan Park was selected as the research object. The pathogen was isolated and identified by morphology and rDNA-ITS sequencing, and the pathogenicity was analyzed by Koch’s rule. The results indicated that Fusarium avenaceum, Diaporthe amygdali, Cytospora leucostoma, Pleurostoma ootheca and Botryosphaeria dothidea were the main pathogens causing sakura Prunus yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’ rot disease. The pathogenicity of the pathogen was different to the branches of different ages, and the young and tender branches were more susceptible to the disease than the old and sturdy perennial branches. Therefore, the prevention and control of the rot disease on the young and tender Prunus yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’ branches should be strengthened in the future.

  Current Invasion Situation and Control Strategy of Solidago canadensis in Yunnan Province YANG Shaosong, ZHENG Fengping, SHEN Shicai, XU Gaofeng, WEN Lina, JIN Guimei, TAO Qiong, ZHANG Fudou 2022, 38 (35):  83-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0634 Abstract + ( 255 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1362KB )   ( 36 ) The purpose of the study is to grasp the occurrence and development of the invasive weed Solidago canadensis in Yunnan Province, and put forward its prevention and control strategies. From May 2020 to May 2022, the invasion and distribution of Solidago canadensis in Yunnan were analyzed through field visit and investigation. The results show that the invasive weed Solidago canadensis is still in scattered occurrence in Yunnan, and there are invasions of farmland in some areas, and Solidago canadensis in these occurrence points are mainly introduced intentionally or spread unintentionally. Solidago canadensis has been found in many areas in Yunnan, and has a tendency of spreading. It is necessary to strengthen its control and timely prevention.

  Study on the Correlation Between Serum Reproductive Hormone Content and Superovulation Effect in Dairy Meade Sheep GUO Yulin, ZHANG Liguo, ZHENG Zhong, WANG Chunwei, XU Quanzhong, WU Yunxi, LI Guangpeng, SU Xiaohu, ZHANG Li 2022, 38 (35):  90-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0518 Abstract + ( 147 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1587KB )   ( 32 ) At present, superovulation of livestock still has the problems of large individual differences and unstable overall effect. The objective of this study is to explore the correlation between the reproductive hormones in serum of dairy Meade sheep and the superovulation effect of the donor, in order to provide a basis for the prediction of the superovulation performance of the donor. In this study, peripheral blood was collected to determine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin (INH) hormone concentrations before superovulation treatment and before mating, and to analyzed their correlations with the total number of embryos recovered and the number of available embryos. The results of blood test before superovulation showed that FSH, E2 and AMH (FSH: r=0.91, P<0.05; E2: r=0.76, P<0.05; AMH: r=0.86, P<0.05;) had a significantly positive correlation with the total number of embryos recovered and the number of available embryos; LH, P4 and INH (LH: r=-0.81, P<0.01; P4: r=-0.79, P<0.05; INH: r=-0.56, P<0.05;) had a significantly negative correlation with the total number of embryos recovered and the number of available embryos. The results of blood test before mating after superovulation showed that FSH, E2, P4 and AMH (FSH r=0.62, P<0.05; E2: r=0.93, P<0.05; P4: r=0.69, P<0.05; AMH: r=0.97, P<0.01) had a significantly positive correlation with the total number of embryos recovered and the number of available embryos; LH and INH (LH: r=-0.86, P<0.01; INH: r=-0.60, P<0.05) had a significantly negative correlation with the total number of embryos recovered and the number of available embryos. The conclusion of this study indicates that FSH, LH, E2, P4, AMH and INH in the venous blood of dairy Meade sheep before superovulation are all related to the final superovulation effect. The FSH and AMH hormone concentrations in the venous blood before superovulation have the highest fit with the total number of embryos and the number of available embryos, and there is a high correlation. Therefore, FSH and AMH can be used as indicators for the detection.

  Study on Anti- Mycoplasma capricolumsubsp capricolum by Yinqin Maxingshigan Decoction and Juqi Maxingshigan Decoction XIE Huimei, ZHANG Junsheng, GUO Guangfu, DING Xiaoli, GAO Deli, SUN Shengjun 2022, 38 (35):  97-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0924 Abstract + ( 181 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 3314KB )   ( 20 ) To study the effect of prescriptions on mycoplasma pneumonia of goats, venous blood is collected from goat before and after the infection with Mycoplasma capricolumsubsp capricolum, the serum contents of IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. At the same time, the clinical symptoms were observed daily, pathological necropsies and tissue section observation were performed on the goats. The results showed that normal control group had no abnormalities, the positive control group had obvious symptoms and 4 goats died. The clinical symptoms of the prescription treatment groups were significantly improved compared with those of the positive control group, and goats of Yinqin Maxingshigan decoction medium dose group were all cured. In terms of IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α, on the 7th day, there was significant difference between negative control group and other 7 groups (P<0.01); on the 14th day, there was significant difference between the negative control group and other 7 groups (P<0.01), significant difference between the positive control group and the 6 groups of Chinese medicine treatment (P<0.01), and significant difference between the medium dose group of Yinqin Maxingshigan decoction and other 5 groups of Chinese medicine treatment (P<0.05). As to IL-10 and IFN-γ, on the 21st day, there was significant difference between negative control group and other 7 groups (P<0.01), significant difference between the positive control group and the 6 groups of Chinese medicine treatment (P<0.01), significant difference between the medium dose group of Yinqin Maxingshigan decoction and other 5 groups of Chinese medicine treatment (P<0.01), and no significant difference between the medium dose group of Yinqin Maxingshigan decoction and negative control group (P>0.05). For TNF-α, on the 21st day, the negative control group had significant difference from the other 7 groups (P<0.01), there was significant difference between the positive control group and the 6 groups of Chinese medicine treatment (P<0.01), significant difference between the high dose group of Juqi Maxingshigan decoction and the other 5 groups of Chinese medicine treatment (P<0.01), and no significant difference between high dose group of Juqi Maxingshigan decoction and negative control group (P>0.05). Taken together, both of the two prescriptions have certain effects on mycoplasma pneumonia of goats, and the medium dose group of Yinqin Maxingshigan decoction has better effect.

  Effects of Pennisetum giganteum on Growth, Slaughter Performance and Gene Expression of H-FABP and A-FABP in Phasianus colchicus HAO Liuliu, DENG Xinwei, QIU Bowen, SUN Zhihong 2022, 38 (35):  105-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0011 Abstract + ( 234 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1345KB )   ( 23 ) The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of adding Pennisetum giganteum in diet on growth indexes, slaughter performance, and fat-related genes of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) gene in Phasianus colchicus. The experiment selected 150 healthy P. colchicus (4 weeks old) in the same batch and randomly divided them into 4 experimental groups and 1 control group, 10 in each group, 3 replicates. The addition amount for the experimental groups was 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16%, respectively. The control group was fed with basal diet, and the feeding period was 16 weeks. Compared with that of the control group, the difference of the average body weight of the 8% P. giganteum adding group was significantly increased (P<0.05); the average daily feed intake increased, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05); the average daily weight increase of each experiment group was significantly greater than that of the control group (P<0.05), among which the 8% P. giganteum adding group had the most significant improvement effect. The 4%, 8%, and 12% P. giganteum adding groups had a decrease in the ratio of feed to weight; and compared with those of the control group, the slaughter rate, half evisceration rate and complete evisceration rate of the 8% P. giganteum adding group significantly increased (P<0.05). The breast muscle rate of P. colchicus in the P. giganteum adding groups increased, but the difference was not significant compared with that of the control group (P>0.05); the leg muscle rate in the 8% P. giganteum adding group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The differential expression of H-FABP and A-FABP genes were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR after the addition of P. giganteum diet, and were significantly increased in the 8% P. giganteum adding group. Therefore, adding 8% of P. giganteum to the diet can significantly improve the growth index, slaughter performance and the expression of fat-related genes in P. colchicus.

  Effects of High Temperature Stress on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Gene Expression in Larvae of Silkworm Varieties with Different Tolerance XIAO Yang, LI Qingrong, XING Dongxu, YANG Qiong 2022, 38 (35):  111-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1144 Abstract + ( 212 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1405KB )   ( 39 ) The effects of high temperature environment on antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression in hemolymph of silkworm were explored, which may provide reference for revealing the physiological and molecular adaptation mechanism of silkworm to high temperature environmental stress. The tolerant variety to high temperature 932G and sensitive variety HY were taken as the studied objects, and the changes of antioxidant enzyme activities and enzyme gene expression levels in the hemolymph of the 5th instar larvae under high temperature stress were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that under 35℃ high temperature stress, the change trend of relative activities of SOD, CAT and GST in tolerant variety and sensitive variety were similar. The change ranges were all small in the early stage of stress, then increased significantly in the middle and late stages, and decreased significantly in the final stage of stress. The overall change trend was first increase then decrease. The relative expression levels of enzyme genes increased in varying degrees in the middle and late stages of stress, and decreased in the final stage of stress, which were basically consistent with the change trend of enzyme activities, but the change ranges among the varieties were different. The relative expression levels of BmSOD and most of BmGSTs genes increased significantly in tolerant variety, while that of BmCAT increased significantly in sensitive variety. In conclusion, the high temperature response trend of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GST in silkworm hemolymph are relatively consistent, and there are only differences in the change ranges among the varieties.

  Research Progress of Royal Jelly in Improving Human Immunity and Symptomatic Treatment of Perimenopausal Women SUN Yiliang, LI Haiyan, MA Zhimin, WU Fangyu 2022, 38 (35):  119-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0464 Abstract + ( 257 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1162KB )   ( 29 ) The research aims to fully understand the function of royal jelly in improving human immunity and symptomatic treatment of perimenopausal women, as well as its clinical dosage and possible adverse reactions, and to elaborate royal jelly’s role in dietotherapy for alleviating relevant symptoms of perimenopausal women, so as to avoid side effect and irreversible harm to the body. In this study, literature research, expert interview, key hospital survey, key sales terminal survey and other methods were adopted. The research found that the active substances in royal jelly have positive effect on improving human immunity and symptomatic treatment of perimenopausal women. Therefore, elderly people and perimenopausal women can take royal jelly appropriately to improve their physical condition. It is suggested that in the future, the research on royal jelly should be focused on the determination of its functional factors, the establishment of the freshness index of products and the storage condition, so as to guide the royal jelly dietotherapy for the key population.

  Application of Gallic Acid-KGM Composite Fresh-keeping Film from Stems and Leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi to Egg Preservation LI Le, ZHANG Xiaohu, YANG Lan 2022, 38 (35):  125-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0651 Abstract + ( 197 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1730KB )   ( 54 ) In order to prolong the shelf life of eggs, composite fresh-keeping film was prepared with gallic acid from the stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in Shangluo as the research object. In this study, gallic acid was extracted from the stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi by ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction, and the extraction amount was 203.35 mg/g; the bacteriostasis experiment was carried out on the extracted concentrated solution of gallic acid to study the bacteriostatic ability of gallic acid against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. The results showed that the bacteriostatic effect was on Escherichia coli< Staphylococcus aureus< Salmonella enteritidis. Based on the single factor experiment of the preservation effect of gallic acid, konjac glucomannan, chitosan and citric acid, the response surface methodology was used to optimize the compound preservation formula with Haugh unit as the response value. The results showed that the best ratio of gallic acid, konjac glucomannan, chitosan and citric acid was 1.85%, 1.24%, 1.96% and 3%, respectively. In summary, the Haugh unit of egg can reach 74.86±2.61 when the composite fresh-keeping film made from this formula is evenly spread on the egg which will be stored at 37℃ for 15 days. The composite fresh-keeping film prepared is environment-friendly and safe, which can provide technical reference for egg preservation.

  Bibliometric Analysis of Giant Knotweed Research at Home and Abroad from 2002 to 2022 WANG Aijiao, YE Chunlei, NIU Weimin, CHE Fazhan 2022, 38 (35):  134-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0875 Abstract + ( 241 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2621KB )   ( 36 ) As an important Chinese herbal medicine and industrial raw material plant, giant knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) is widely distributed at home and abroad. To understand giant knotweed research status and trend accurately is significant for its planting and further utilization. Based on literature retrieved from the CNKI Chinese periodical database and the Web of Science core database of 2002-2022, the current situation, dynamics and frontier hotspots of giant knotweed research were systematically and comprehensively analyzed by applying the bibliometric visualization tools of CiteSpace and VOSviewer. The research on giant knotweed has gained rising attention at home and abroad since 2002. In China, the most influential research institutions are the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Sichuan University etc. From the international perspective, China is the country with the highest influence in the research cooperation of giant knotweed, with 44.8% of the world’s published literature in this field. The hot topics of giant knotweed research at home and abroad have formed 17 clusters. Domestic research mainly focuses on the medicinal value, growth characteristics, regeneration and in vitro culture of giant knotweed, as well as the extraction, efficacy and utilization of functional components as resveratrol, glycoside, emodin, chlorogenic acid, and total anthraquinone. International research hot topics include the extraction and analysis of anthraquinone compounds, resveratrol and other functional components, the medical and health uses such as anti-oxidation effect and cell proliferation inhibition, the identification of new active substances, the molecular mechanism of action, the synthetic biology, the energy and pesticide utilization, the biological invasion and biological control etc. This study confirmed the advantages and influence of Chinese research institutions and researchers, and provided directions for deepening the research on giant knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum).

  Path Analysis of Morphological Trait Effects on Body Weight of Low-salinity Population of Exopalaemon carinicauda ZHANG Nianguo, ZHOU Yuhua, PAN Guiping, ZHOU Wenyu, HOU Wenjie, LIU Benwei, YU Fei 2022, 38 (35):  141-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0988 Abstract + ( 168 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1223KB )   ( 32 ) In order to study the effects of morphological traits on body weight of low-salinity population of Exopalaemon carinicauda, 100 samples, including 40 egg-carrying individuals and 60 normal individuals, were randomly selected from Fengxian of Shanghai and their weight (Y), body length (X1), cephalothorax length (X2), cephalothorax width (X3), cephalothorax height (X4), first abdominal segment height (X5), first abdominal segment width (X6), abdomen length (X7), length of upper frontal eminence (X8), and telson length (X9) were measured. Correlation analysis, path analysis and regression analysis were used to analyze the effects of morphological traits on body weight of parents of low-salinity population, and the multiple regression equations were constructed. The results showed that there was no significant variation (P>0.05) in the morphological traits except body weight, and morphological traits of egg-carrying parents were higher than those of non-egg carrying parents, the correlation of each morphological trait to body weight all reached an extremely significant level (P<0.01). According to path analysis, the main morphological traits such as cephalothorax length, cephalothorax width and telson length in egg-carrying individuals of low-salinity population had a predominantly direct effect on body weight, reaching a significant level (P<0.01), and the maximal effect was achieved by telson length (0.900). The direct effect of main traits on body weight reached significant or extremely significant levels in non-eggcarrying parents, and cephalothorax length had the maximal effect (0.747).The stepwise regression analysis indicated that the optimal linear regression equation of the effects on body weight was Y=-5.480+0.583X2-0.838X3+5.756X9 in egg-carrying individuals and Y=-5.870+0.203X1+1.314 X2+2.532 X4+2.820 X6-1.001 X8 in non-egg carrying individuals respectively, and the two regression equations between body weight and morphological traits were expressed at a very significant level (P<0.01) by means of variance analysis and partial regression coefficient test. The finding of this study provides theoretical reference and measurement indexes for selective breeding of E. carinicauda of low-salinity population.

  Residues of Geosmin and 2- Mathylisoborneol in Aquaculture Water and Aquatic Products Determined by Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction - Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ZOU Jianmin, LU Qi, GUI Yuan, SONG Chao, CHEN Jiazhang 2022, 38 (35):  148-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0404 Abstract + ( 165 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1551KB )   ( 22 ) In this paper, we optimized the determination method for geosmin (GSM) and 2-mathylisoborneol (2-MIB) in aquaculture water and aquatic products by using the method of microwave distillation - solid-phase microextraction - gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry (MD-SPME-GC-MS). We optimized the four pre-treatment processing parameters, including carrier gas rate, microwave power, distillation time and collection method, and determined the experimental conditions as follows: carrier gas rate of 60 mL/min, microwave power of 400 W, distillation time of 6 min, and constant of 250 mL. In aquaculture water, the detection limit of GSM and 2-MIB reached 1 ng/L and 10 ng/L, respectively. In aquatic products, the detection limit of GSM and 2-MIB reached 0.025 μg/kg and 0.25 μg/kg, respectively. The standard curve of this method had good liner relation in the range of 1-200 ng/L and 10-200 ng/L (R2 was 0.9997 and 0.9982, respectively). The average recovery rate of GSM and 2-MIB at different concentrations (1, 5, 7, 10, and 20 μg/kg) was 45.28%-49.92% and 82.15%-87.36%, respectively. In this experiment, the water samples and aquatic product samples from Wuxi were detected by this method. The result showed that the average concentration of GSM and 2-MIB in the water samples was 19.58 ng /L and 58.29 ng /L, respectively. In aquatic products, only GSM was detected, and the average concentration was 0.61 μg/kg. This method can be widely used to detect fishy substances in aquaculture water and aquatic products.

  Influence of Rural Regulations and Folk Agreements on Herders’ Decision-making Behavior on Reducing Grazing Intensity WANG Lijia, TANG Zeng 2022, 38 (35):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1154 Abstract + ( 184 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1451KB )   ( 36 ) The grazing intensity reduction behavior of herders plays a key role in the process of grassland degradation. To a certain extent, rural regulations and folk agreements, as a way of self-governance at the grassroot level, have a positive effect on the institutionalization and legalization of grassland environmental governance. Thus, the study investigated the influence of rural regulations and folk agreements on herder’s decision-making behavior to reduce grazing intensity and thereafter put forward several policy suggestions on controlling herder’s over-grazing behavior from the perspective of informal institution. The paper analyzed the influence mechanism of the rural regulations and folk agreements on herders’ decision-making behavior of grassland protection. Then, Double-Hurdle model was applied to figure the impact of the rural regulations and folk agreements on herders’ decision-making behavior based on a field survey data of 193 herder households in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. The results showed that the rural regulations and folk agreements which were formulated in written form and had unchanged content during the past 5 years significantly increased herders’ willingness to reduce grazing intensity. Herders with religious belief and poor Chinese proficiency had a significant lower willingness to reduce grazing intensity. Moreover，herders who were greaterly influenced by rural regulations and folk agreements on their production and life had higher degree of grazing intensity reduction. The education level and family income of herders were significantly and negatively correlated with their grazing intensity reduction ratio, respectively. Finally, policy suggestions, such as paying more attention to the formulation’s standardization and the content stability of rural regulations and folk agreements, improving herders’ compliance and recognition of rural regulations and folk agreements, and regularly carrying out Chinese training to upgrade herders’ Chinese proficiency, are highly recommended to guide herders to make decisions on reducing grazing intensity.