Current issue

• 2022 Vol.38 No.36 Published:25 December 2022

  A New Two-line Hybrid Rice Variety ‘Long Liangyou 0078’ of Multi-panicle Type: Breeding and Application ZHANG Wen, PENG Jiming, YUAN Dingyang, LIU Ziqi, TANG Zibiao, YANG Lu, YANG Feng, YANG Yuanzhu, LUO Deqiang, LI Jianwu, PENG Rui 2022, 38 (36):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0131 Abstract + ( 308 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1062KB )   ( 37 ) Multi-panicle Type Super Hybrid Rice Breeding is a new breeding model, and it requires that the medium-maturing indica rice variety should have effective panicles 10.0% more than that of the check variety. New R-line ‘10P50’ was bred through the crossing breeding method with excellent germplasm resources. Then, a new two-line combination, ‘Long Liangyou 0078’, was bred with R-line ‘10P50’ and S-line ‘Long Ke 638S’. The effective panicle number of this combination was 15.4% higher than that of the check variety averagely in the national rice trial in 2019 and 2020, and it had a high seed setting rate and strong resistance to rice blast and bacterial leaf blight. The high-yielding demonstrations were carried out in Saya City of Hainan Province, Changsha City of Hunan Province and Xingyi City of Guizhou Province. Its techniques of high-yielding cultivation and seed production were explored.

  A Conventional Rice Variety ‘Guangliangxiang 2’ with Fragrance and High Quality: Breeding and Utilization WU Zishuai, MA Dongjin, LI Hu, LUO Qunchang, CHEN Chuanhua, LIU Guanglin, LIU Jianling, LI Weixin, QIN Zhaoguan 2022, 38 (36):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0138 Abstract + ( 970 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1067KB )   ( 48 ) The aims are to breed conventional indica rice variety with fragrance and high quality and of both early and late maturing characteristics in Guangxi rice cropping area, thus improving the brand competitiveness of Guangxi fragrant rice. The fragrant rice varieties ‘Tiandongxiang’ and ‘Zaoxiang 1’ were used as female parent and male parent respectively, and the breeding was conducted by genealogy after hybridization. ‘Guangliangxiang 2’, a high-grade and high-quality conventional rice variety of fragrant type, was bred through regional trials of conventional high-quality rice in Guangxi, and by identifying agronomic characters, yield, resistance and quality. ‘Guangliangxiang 2’ was approved by Guangxi Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2019. It has moderate growth period and good agronomic characters. The average yield of the variety in the Rice Regional Trail is 6912.0 kg/hm2, 11.81% higher yield than that of the control. The rice quality is up to the second-class of the standards set by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for early and late rice, with a fragrance value of 83. This variety has wide adaptability and could be grown as early and late rice in the rice cropping areas of the south, central and north of Guangxi. It has also been introduced and put on records in same ecological zones in Guangdong, Jiangxi and Hunan. The variety is the only conventional rice variety selected by the Guangxi Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as the first batch of seven green rice varieties in 2020, and it is the main variety for the public brand construction of “Guangxi Fragrant Rice”, which is favored by growers and rice merchants. ‘Guangliangxiang 2’ has the characteristics of high yield, high quality, fragrance and wide adaptability, and is suitable for promotion in Guangxi and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

  Wheat Variety ‘Wanmai632’: Tolerance Under Drought Stress ZHANG Bin, LI Jinxiu, WANG Zhen, SHI Lichao, LI Jinbang 2022, 38 (36):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0012 Abstract + ( 603 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1222KB )   ( 37 ) In order to explore the drought tolerance of new wheat variety ‘Wanmai632’, ‘Zhoumai18’ was used as the control in this study. Drought tolerance indexes were determined by the methods of simulating drought stress with PEG and natural drought stress. Without drought stress, there was no significant difference between ‘Wanmai632’ and ‘Zhoumai18’ in drought tolerance indexes. The yield of the two varieties was 7052 kg/hm2 and 6916 kg/hm2, respectively. Under drought stress, the germination rate and germination potential of ‘Wanmai632’ were 44.23% and 106.25% higher than those of ‘Zhoumai18’ at germination stage, respectively. The seedling height, root length, fresh weight of stem-leaf and root of ‘Wanmai632’ were 62.90%, 55.32%, 83.33% and 60.00% higher than those of ‘Zhoumai18’ at seedling stage, respectively. The plant height, maximum tillering number, effective spike number, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield of ‘Wanmai632’ were 2.99%, 1.94%, 1.44%, 14.71%, 10.61% and 6.80% higher than those of ‘Zhoumai18’ at adult-plant stage, respectively. The differences of these characters were significant except that of effective spike number. In addition, the comprehensive drought tolerance index of ‘Wanmai632’ and ‘Zhoumai18’ was 0.901 and 0.582, respectively. To sum up, ‘Wanmai632’ has less inhibition on growth under drought stress. All the drought tolerance indexes of ‘Wanmai632’ are better than those of ‘Zhoumai18’. ‘Wanmai632’ has relatively high tolerance to drought stress and yield advantage in arid environment.

  Nutrient Abundance-Deficiency Index of Upland Wheat and Recommended Fertilization Scheme in Yunnan CHEN Hua, ZHANG Qinbin, GUI Yulian, CHEN Jianfeng, FU Libo, WANG Zhiyuan, WANG Wei, WANG Yingxue, YIN Mei 2022, 38 (36):  17-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1198 Abstract + ( 209 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1160KB )   ( 30 ) The aim of this study is to establish the abundance-deficiency indexes of NPK of upland wheat in Yunnan and recommend proper fertilizer amounts. According to experiment data of recent ten years, the correlation between the contents of soil available NPK and the yield of wheat was analysed. For nutrient deficiency area, based on the relative yield of wheat>90%, 75%-90%, 60%-75% and<60% in comparison to the yield of best fertilization wheat area, we classified corresponding soil fertility into 4 levels, namely high, medium, low and very low, established the abundance-deficiency indexes and recommended fertilizer amounts for wheat production. The results showed that the average amount of alkali-hydrolyzed N, available P and available K was 145.3, 26.6 and 143.0 mg/kg, respectively, in upland wheat field of Yunnan, and the variation of all the three nutrients was relatively large. When alkali-hydrolyzed N in soil was high (>175 mg/kg), medium (155-175 mg/kg), low (125-155 mg/kg) and very low (<125 mg/kg), the recommended nitrogen fertilizer rate (N) was 25-45, 45-115, 115-185 and 185-210 kg/hm2, respectively. When available P in soil was high (>30 mg/kg), medium (15-30 mg/kg) and low (<15 mg/kg), the recommended phosphorus fertilizer rate (P2O5) was 15-30, 30-75 and 75-110 kg/hm2, respectively. When available K in soil was high (>145 mg/kg), medium (85-145 mg/kg) and low (<85 mg/kg), the recommended potassium fertilizer rate (K2O) was 15-30, 30-75 and 75-110 kg/hm2, respectively. The results of this study can provide reference for proper fertilization on upland wheat in Yunnan Province.

  Photosynthetic Response of Sugar Beet Seedlings Under the Intervention of Colpoda reniformis CUI Jingjing, WANG Li, DOU Qianyao, HAN Zhuojun, PAN Hengyan, SONG Baiquan, ZHOU Jianchao, WANG Qiuhong 2022, 38 (36):  23-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1141 Abstract + ( 219 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 3491KB )   ( 27 ) In order to investigate the intervention of Colpoda reniformis, a new protozoan species, on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of sugar beet seedlings, we used liquid culture method, took the breeding strain 701 of Sugar Beet Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences as the test material, and set up two treatments of inoculated and uninoculated with Colpoda reniformis. Then, we evaluated the basic phenotypic characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics of sugar beet seedlings under Colpoda reniformis intervention by physiological indicators analysis and correlation analysis. Compared with those of the uninoculated treatment of Colpoda reniformis, the phenotypic characteristics and biomass accumulation of sugar beet seedlings under inoculated treatment were significantly promoted by Colpoda reniformis, and the total plant height, leaf area, root length, dry weight of the aboveground and underground parts increased by 14.14%, 15.49%, 20.09%, 10.0% and 33.3%, respectively. In addition, the contents of Pn, Gs, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and total chlorophyll in sugar beet leaves significantly increased by 43.91%, 40.56%, 31.58%, 31.82% and 31.72%, respectively, compared with those of the control. The activity of glutamine synthase (GS) significantly increased by 23.52%. Nitrogen dry matter production efficiency and nitrogen accumulation increased by 6.3% and 8.8% in the aboveground parts and 5.3% and 19.7% in the underground parts, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that photosynthetic characteristic indicators, nitrogen efficiency and plant leaf area played an important role in the growth of sugar beet. Therefore, Colpoda reniformis can interfere with the growth and development of sugar beet seedlings, improve photosynthesis and nitrogen efficiency by increasing leaf area and chlorophyll content, and ultimately promote the growth and biomass accumulation of the seedlings.

  SSR Polymorphism in Sugar Beet: Detection by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and Capillary Electrophoresis FENG Wanqi, ZHANG Fushun, LIU Naixin 2022, 38 (36):  34-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0412 Abstract + ( 219 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1707KB )   ( 138 ) In order to explore the applicability of capillary electrophoresis and polyacrylamide electrophoresis and compare their advantages and disadvantages, 8 sugar beet cultivation resources were used as materials, 8 SSR loci were selected. The polymorphism of each locus was detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis silver staining and capillary electrophoresis. And then the results of the two methods were compared. Capillary electrophoresis fluorescence labeling method could accurately obtain the molecular size of DNA fragments. PAGE electrophoresis could only estimate the approximate molecular weight with the naked eye compared with Marker, but could not obtain the accurate molecular weight. The matching ratios of the two detection methods with the 8 pairs of primers were 75%, 87.5%, 50%, 75%, 25%, 100%, 37.5% and 50%, respectively. According to the results, there were great differences in data integration between the two detection platforms. The detection results were directly related to the factors like whether the primers were single copy, primer polymorphism and stability. The sequencing test results showed that when there were fewer samples, using PAGE electrophoresis to detect the polymorphism of SSR loci could not only save cost and time, but also ensure the accuracy of the test results.

  Nitrogen Metabolism and Secondary Metabolism of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties at Maturity Stage XU Zhiqiang, LIU Huabing, ZHANG Xiaobing, ZHAO Yanping, ZHONG Yongjian, GU Chao, LI Zheng 2022, 38 (36):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1205 Abstract + ( 235 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1172KB )   ( 27 ) In order to study the differences of nitrogen metabolism and secondary metabolism of different flue-cured tobacco varieties at maturity stage, and explore the appropriate nitrogen application amount for different flue-cured tobacco varieties, we used ‘NC71’, ‘Yunyan105’ and ‘Yuyan13’ as the research materials. The experiment was set up with three treatments: low nitrogen (30 kg/hm2), medium nitrogen (45 kg/hm2), and high nitrogen (60 kg/hm2). Determination of key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism and the contents of its products and secondary metabolites at maturity stage was carried out. The result showed that the nitrate reductase (NR) activities of ‘NC71’ high nitrogen treatment, ‘Yuyan13’ low nitrogen treatment and ‘Yunyan105’ medium nitrogen treatment were 1.474 U/g, 1.395 U/g and 1.533 U/g, respectively. The glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities were 218.447 nmol/(mg·min), 192.276 nmol/(mg·min) and 203.052 nmol/(mg·min), respectively. The contents of total phenols were 6.652%, 6.539% and 6.076%, respectively. The differences of the above indicators did not reach a significant level. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between nitrate reductase activity and carotenoids was 0.855, reaching a very significant level. Nitrate reductase activity was significantly positively correlated with free amino acids, nicotine and total phenols, and the correlation coefficients were more than 0.6. Glutamine synthetase (GS) activity was significantly positively correlated with the secondary metabolites, and the correlation coefficients were more than 0.5. Changing the activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase could affect the contents of secondary metabolites of nitrogen metabolism, which was conducive to the improvement of tobacco quality. In conclusion, there are significant differences in the appropriate nitrogen application amount among different flue-cured tobacco varieties. It is important to use nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities to measure nitrogen application amount at maturity stage.

  Distribution Characteristics of Rhizosphere AM Fungi of Four Common Plants of Evergreen Broad-leaved Forests of Lushan Mountain in Summer WU Jiahai, ZOU Qin, DU Qu, ZHANG Tao, LI Jinmiao, XIAO Bin, LIU Wei 2022, 38 (36):  48-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0020 Abstract + ( 234 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1303KB )   ( 244 ) To explore the distribution characteristics of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi), and promote the development and utilization of underground AM fungi resources, the distribution characteristics of rhizosphere AM fungal communities of four common plants (Symplocos stellaris, Loropetalum chinense, Camellia fraternal and Lindera glauca) of typical evergreen broad-leaved forests of Lushan Mountain in summer were investigated according to the method of spore morphology classification. The results showed that 44 AM fungal species (4 dominant species, 5 most common species, 12 common species, and 23 rare species) were isolated and identified. (1) There were significant differences in root colonization rate among different plants. The root colonization rate was positively correlated with the spore density and species richness of AM fungi in dominant and most common species, while negatively correlated with them in common and rare species, and the correlations were both not significant. (2) There was no significant difference in total spore density of AM fungi, while significant differences were found in species richness of AM fungi among different plants. In addition, there was no significant difference in the spore density of AM fungi of common species and the species richness of AM fungi of most common and rare species among different plants. (3) A negative correlation between spore density and species richness was found in AM fungi with different dominance. There was only a significantly negative correlation between the spore density of dominant species AM fungi and the spore density of common and rare species AM fungi. (4) Soil nutrients (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, ammoniacal nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen), pH and soil water contributed less to the distribution of AM fungi. However, the distribution of AM fungi was mainly affected by soil nitrogen. AM fungi of various dominant degrees were affected differently by soil nutrients, pH and water (rare species > common species > most common species > dominant species). The symbiosis pattern between common plants and AM fungi might be dominated by dominant and most common species, and supplemented by common and rare species of evergreen broad-leaved forests of Lushan Mountain in summer. According to the symbiosis pattern, AM fungi resources of plant rhizosphere were abundant and unevenly distributed; the degree of symbiosis between AM fungi and plants was determined by the different dominance of AM fungi; the interaction between AM fungi with different dominance was small; AM fungi were less affected by soil nutrients (total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium), pH and water, however, AM fungi of various dominant degrees were affected differently by soil nutrients, pH value and water.

  Main Nutrient Components and Heavy Metal Contents of Watercress Germplasm Resources: Determination and Evaluation LI Shuangmei, HUANG Xinfang, PENG Jing, ZHU Honglian, LIU Yuping, LI Minghua, ZHONG Lan, JI Qun, KUANG Jing, KE Weidong 2022, 38 (36):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0053 Abstract + ( 216 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1220KB )   ( 110 ) Watercress is a special leafy aquatic vegetable. In order to understand the main nutrient components, heavy metal contents and edible safety of watercress, 13 watercress germplasm resources preserved in the National Germplasm Wuhan Aquatic Vegetable Resource Garden were used as materials to determine the contents of 5 main nutrient components and 4 heavy metals according to current national standards. The results showed that the dry matter, protein, soluble sugar, crude fiber and vitamin C contents of fresh watercress were 4.57%, 1.49%, 0.16%, 0.62% and 38.56 mg/100g, respectively. The contents of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) were 0.077 mg/kg, 0.047 mg/kg, 0.028 mg/kg and 0.001 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the known data of 32 kinds of fresh green leafy vegetables, the vitamin C content of watercress was at a higher level, and the dry matter content, protein content and crude fiber content were at a lower level. Cultivated as a dryland vegetable, the heavy metal contents of watercress such as Pb, As, Cd and Hg were confirmed to meet the requirements of national food safety standards.

  Application of PBAT/PPC Degradable Mulch Film in Cowpea (Vigna sinensis) Production ZHOU Tianmei, ZHOU Xinwei, LU Jing, LI Menglin, ZHAI Weijie, DONG Linlin, LU Changying, SHI Linlin 2022, 38 (36):  62-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1174 Abstract + ( 249 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1153KB )   ( 51 ) PBAT and PPC are biodegradable materials based on chemical synthesis, which have become current research hot spot. The aim of this study is to discuss the practical effects of PBAT and PPC mulch film in agricultural production. Four different mulch film treatments were conducted, including PBAT-PPC film, PBAT-PPC-BioM film, PE film and No-film treatment (CK). Effects of different mulch film treatments on surface soil temperature, weed productivity and cowpea yield were studied, and the degradable properties and final economic benefits of mulch film were evaluated. The results showed that compared with CK, the PBAT-PPC film treatment increased surface soil temperature by 0.9℃ from May to July and decreased surface soil temperature by 0.2-1.6℃ from July to August. The PBAT-PPC film and PBAT-PPC-BioM film significantly promoted cowpea yield by 37% and 22%, respectively. There was no significant difference of weed productivity between PBAT-PPC mulch film and PE mulch film, but the mulch film treatments decreased about 45% weed biomass compared with CK. The biodegradation grades of PBAT-PPC and PBAT-PPC-BioM were level 4 and level 5, respectively, which satisfied the requirements of tillage and in situ biodegradation. Although the cost of degradable mulch film was relatively high, the effect on cowpea yield was obvious, and the total income was higher than that of CK. In addition, the degradable mulch film had no environmental risk. Above all, the mulch film based on PBAT and PPC is beneficial to cowpea production and worth promoting.

  Longan Germplasms Resources: Genetic Diversity Analysis and Fingerprint Construction Based on SSR Markers GUO Dongliang, HUANG Shilian, WANG Jing, HAN Dongmei, LI Jianguang 2022, 38 (36):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0009 Abstract + ( 241 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1163KB )   ( 30 ) The objective of this study is to provide technical support for molecular identification and variation analysis of longan germplasm. 85 longan germplasm resources were used as materials. SSR detection, population diversity and molecular fingerprint analysis of longan germplasms were carried out by fluorescence labeled capillary electrophoresis. A total of 29 alleles were obtained by using 7 pairs of SSR primers, and the number of alleles in each pair ranged from 3 to 7, with an average of 4.14. The number of effective alleles (Ne) ranged from 1.52 to 3.133, with an average of 2.175, and the effective alleles accounted for 52.49%. The average Shannon genetic diversity index (I) of the population was 0.877. The variation range of the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.341-0.782, with an average of 0.51. The expected variation range of heterozygosity (He) was 0.342-0.681, with an average of 0.514, greater than 0.5. The genetic distance of the 85 longan germplasms was 0.00-0.635, and the average genetic distance was 0.299. The construction of fingerprints of the 85 longan germplasms can provide an effective means for the identification of many homonymous foreign bodies or homonymous anomalies in production.

  Plankton Community Structure in Hechuan Section of Jialing River and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors WANG Shuqiao, DAN Yan, LI Yan, SHEN Ziwei, YU Fengqin 2022, 38 (36):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0873 Abstract + ( 215 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1304KB )   ( 55 ) To evaluate plankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in Hechuan section of Jialing River, plankton community and environmental factors were investigated and analyzed in spring and summer in 2018. The results showed that, a total of 87 species of phytoplankton belonged to 6 phyla were identified, mainly Bacillariophyla and Chlorophyta; 38 species of zooplankton belonged to 4 classes were identified, mainly Rotifera and Cladocera. The abundance of phytoplankton was 8.71×104-98.95×104 ind./L, and zooplankton was 23.9-417.4 ind./L, the overall biological abundance in summer was higher than that in spring. According to TLI index evaluation, the overall studied water area was medium-severe polluted, and the eutrophication in spring was higher than that in summer. Environmental factors which had significant effect on plankton were temperature, pH and chlorophyll-a, and CODMn only had statistically significant effect on phytoplankton (P<0.05).

  Effect of Rice Plants on Methane Emission from Paddy Fields and Its Biological Mechanism: A Review REN Xiaojian, PENG Yuxuan, HAN Kaiyan, DENG Zhiming, CUI Kehui 2022, 38 (36):  80-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0143 Abstract + ( 335 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1254KB )   ( 99 ) Paddy fields are one of the main sources of agricultural methane emissions and have important impacts on global greenhouse gas emissions. Methane emission from paddy fields includes three processes: the methane production by soil methanogens, the methane oxidation by aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria, and the methane emission through the three approaches (rice plants, bubbling and diffusion in soil solution). Both the aboveground parts and root systems of rice plants affect the methane emission in paddy fields. This paper briefly introduced the production, oxidation and transport of methane from paddy fields, and summarized effects of the root characteristics (morphological characteristic, root aerenchyma, root exudates and oxygen secretion), the characteristics of aboveground parts (plant height, tiller number, biomass and assimilates’ distribution) and the water and fertilizer management on the methane emission from paddy fields, and the underlying mechanisms were also reviewed. The main future research area of paddy methane emission was discussed, and attention should be paid to the coordination of high grain yield and low methane emission.

  The Analysis of Arable Land Loss Caused by Loess Slope Instability Under Agricultural Irrigation WANG Yanshou 2022, 38 (36):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1192 Abstract + ( 169 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1236KB )   ( 28 ) The study aims to clarify the process of arable land loss caused by loess slope instability, in which the loess slope stability was changed by irrigation water infiltration into soil and loess under large-scale agricultural irrigation. On the basis of statistical analysis of the loss area of arable land, the farmland area under irrigation, the number of geological disasters and the proportion of farmland loss caused by geological disasters in Tianshui of Gansu, the author collected samples of undisturbed soil and loess from typical stratigraphic sections, and tested the physical and mechanical properties and shear strength of soil under natural condition and irrigation. The slope stability was quantitatively analyzed by Swedish method based on limit equilibrium method in combination with Lizheng rock slope stability analysis system. The results showed that the slope was steady and its stability coefficient was 1.074 under natural condition, but under agricultural irrigation, with the increase of water infiltration depth, the stability coefficient decreased gradually, and the slope became unsteady. If farmland irrigation only saturated the soil layer, it would have little effect on the stability of the slope. When the thickness of loess saturated layer was greater than 2 m due to continuous irrigation water infiltration, the slope stability would be reduced by one level and became unsteady. When the thickness of loess saturated layer was greater than 10 m, the slope would be unsteady and landslides would develop, causing arable land loss.

  Correlation of Soil Compactness and Water Content Under Different Fertility Levels XU Shuang, KAN Yuchen 2022, 38 (36):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1223 Abstract + ( 243 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1509KB )   ( 40 ) To explore the dependence degree of soil compactness value on water content under different fertility levels, three fields with same texture and different fertility levels were selected to monitor soil compactness and real-time water content, analyze the correlation degree between soil compactness and water content and reveal the dependence degree of soil compactness on water content under different fertility levels. The results showed that in the 0-25 cm soil depth, there was no significant difference of the dependence degree of soil compactness on water content among the soil layers in the same field. But under the condition of same soil texture and different fertility levels, the influence of soil water content on soil compactness was obviously different, the lower the soil fertility, the stronger the dependence degree. In the process of soil health evaluation, for soils with better fertility condition, the weighting of the influence of soil moisture on compactness could be appropriately reduced; while for soils with poor fertility condition, full consideration should be given to the influence of soil moisture condition when fitting the soil compactness.

  Effects of Different Organic Materials on Organic Carbon Accumulation and Fertility in Newly Cultivated Red Soil ZHENG Mingjie, YU Hongwei, CHEN Zhiliang, ZHANG Mingkui 2022, 38 (36):  101-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1208 Abstract + ( 191 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1135KB )   ( 65 ) There are many problems, such as poor site conditions, poor soil structure, poor water conservation, low fertility and low production capacity, in the newly cultivated red soil formed by reclamation of slope wasteland. Improving soil organic carbon is considered to be an important way for rapid anthropogenic mellowing of red soil. To understand the different improving effects of various types of organic materials on organic carbon and fertility of red soil, two kinds of newly cultivated soil, red clayey soil and red sandstone soil, were selected. The effects of 10 kinds of common organic materials on various forms of organic carbon, available nutrients and enzyme activities in the soil were studied by indoor culture method. The results showed that the stability sequence of organic carbon from different organic materials in the soil was as follows: weathered coal humic acid > 50% weathered coal humic acid + 50% pig manure/rice straw compost > peat > pig manure/rice straw compost > domestic waste compost > biogas residue > mushroom stick compost > pig manure > chicken manure > rice straw > Chinese milk vetch. The stability of organic carbon in clayey soil (red clayey soil) was higher than that in sandy soil (red sandstone soil). The application of weathered coal humic acid, and 50% weathered coal humic acid + 50% pig manure/rice straw compost had the most significant effect on improving soil humus. The organic carbon remained in the soil of the newly cultivated land was mainly mineral bound organic carbon, and the proportions of free organic carbon and coarse-granule organic carbon in the total organic carbon were relatively low. The application of various organic materials could significantly improve soil microbial activity, promote the formation of soil water stability aggregates, slightly improve soil CEC, but the effect was significantly different among different organic materials. The results of comprehensive evaluation showed that the best soil property improvement effects were obtained by applying weathered coal humic acid, 50% weathered coal humic acid + 50% pig manure/rice straw compost, and pig manure/rice straw compost, while the effects of mushroom stick compost, rice straw and Chinese milk vetch were relatively poor. It is suggested that the mixed application of organic materials with different properties should be considered in improving newly cultivated land of low hilly red soil.

  Taro Germplasm Resources: Genetic Diversity Analysis and Resistance Identification to Blight Based on SSR Markers GUO Juxian, WU Tingquan, LI Murong, TANG Kang, YAO Chunpeng, LI Guihua, LUO Wenlong, WANG Rui 2022, 38 (36):  112-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0069 Abstract + ( 225 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1235KB )   ( 52 ) In order to investigate the genetic diversity of taro germplasm resources from different sources and detect their resistance to blight, 21 pairs of SSR marker primers with high polymorphism were screened out from 100 pairs of SSR marker primers, and were used to analyze the genetic diversity of taro resources. Meanwhile, the resistance of 109 germplasm resources was evaluated by inoculating taro Phytophthora artificially. Results showed that a total of 71 polymorphic alleles were detected and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 4 with an average of 3.38 alleles. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.0481 to 0.8900 with an average of 0.3483. The expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.0841 to 0.6709 with an average of 0.3794. The average Shannon genetic diversity index (I) was 0.6733, the genetic distance was between 0 and 1, and the average genetic distance was 0.6014. The taro germplasm resources were divided into three groups at the genetic distance of 0.49. More than 60% of resistant germplasm resources belonged to I and II groups. This study could provide a scientific basis for screening and identification of excellent taro germplasm resources and genetic breeding.

  Effects of Temperature on Growth, Development and Survival of Nymphs of Trialeurodes ricini SONG Yueqin, YUAN Haozhan, LIU Wentao, SUN Huizhong 2022, 38 (36):  120-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0571 Abstract + ( 203 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1302KB )   ( 23 ) In order to clarify the effect of temperature on the growth, development and survival rate of Trialeurodes ricini nymphs, and provide theoretical reference for future control of T. ricini, an artificial climate chamber was used to measure the growth of T. ricini at 20, 25, 30 and 35℃. The results showed that the egg stage of T. ricini was shortened from 15.4 d at 20℃ to 3.6 d at 35℃. The whole nymph development period was shortened from 53.1 d at 20℃ to 18.7 d at 35℃. 30℃ is the most suitable temperature for the growth and development of T. ricini. The eggs did not hatch at a constant temperature of 40℃. At a constant temperature of 25℃, the mortality of eggs and nymphs were the lowest. At a constant temperature of 30℃, the female ratio tended to increase. All the results show that T. ricini could adapt to high temperature. As future global warming may lead to the expansion of T. ricini damage range, it is urgent to develop more suitable prevention and control measures for T. ricini.

  Chlorantraniliprole and Clothianidin Residues in Rice: Determined by QuEChERS-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry SUN Yueping, ZHOU Qin, XU Lijian, REN Hongbo, MA Wenqiong, ZHANG Xiaobo, JIN Haitao, CHEN Guofeng, LIU Feng, DONG Jiannan 2022, 38 (36):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0282 Abstract + ( 205 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1313KB )   ( 25 ) To monitor chlorantraniliprole and clothianidin residues in rice, a QuEChERS method based on dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of chlorantraniliprole and clothianidin residues in brown rice, rice husk and straw. The samples were extracted by shaking with acetonitrile water solution, purified by PSA or C18, detected under UPLC-MS/MS multiple-reaction monitoring mode, and quantified by external standard method. The results showed that the best extraction solvent for chlorantraniliprole and clothianidin was 50% acetonitrile water solution, and the extraction method was shaking extraction. C18 was selected as the purifying agent for the brown rice extract, and PSA was used as the purifying agent for the extraction solvent of rice husk and straw. Good linear relations were obtained in the range of 0.1-100 μg/L for chlorantraniliprole and in the range of 0.1-500 μg/L for clothianidin, and the correlation coefficient R2 was greater than 0.99. The average recovery of the two pesticides in brown rice, rice husk and straw were between 83.2% and 105.4%, and the relative standard deviations were between 1.2% and 10.1%. The limit of quantitation of chlorantraniliprole and clothianidin in brown rice was 0.005 mg/kg, and the limit of quantitation in rice husk and straw were 0.025 mg/kg. The pretreatment process of the method is simple, rapid and highly sensitive. The method is suitable for the simultaneous detection of chlorantraniliprole and clothianidin residues in brown rice, rice husk, and straw.

  Research Status and Development Trend of Emergency Food WANG Jingyi, LIU Jin, QIAN Ping, Li Qigeng, BAI Houzeng, ZHANG Xiaojuan 2022, 38 (36):  132-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0863 Abstract + ( 215 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1255KB )   ( 48 ) This study summarized the latest development and current situation of emergency food at home and abroad from three aspects of product characteristics, technical development and practical application, pointed out the existing problems of emergency food production and development in China, and discussed its future development and application trend.

  Psidium guajava Essential Oil: Extraction, Component Identification and Bioactivity Against Red Imported Fire Ant SHAO Xuehua, LAI Duo, XIAO Weiqiang, LIU Chuanhe, HE Han, KUANG Shizi 2022, 38 (36):  138-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0058 Abstract + ( 212 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1455KB )   ( 25 ) In order to investigate the fumigation activity of guava essential oil (EO) against red imported fire ants (RIFA), the bioactivity analysis of essential oil against RIFA was determined by fumigation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 31 compounds were identified in EO, and caryophyllene (37.86%) was the major constituent in EO. The bioactivity test showed that when RIFA were fumigated for 48 h with 20 µL/tube of EO, the mortality rate reached more than 90%. After fumigation for 9 h, the aggregation rate was decreased by 78%, the climbing rate was decreased by 45%, the grabbing rate was decreased by 34%, and the walking rate was decreased by 30%. When RIFA were fumigated for 48 h with 10 µL/tube of EO, the catalase (CAT) and carboxylesterase (CarE) activities in vivo were decreased by 56.62% and 58.57%, respectively. The composition of piperidine compounds secreted by RIFA venom glands was decreased by 50%. In summary, the EO of guava has a good fumigation activity against RIFA, and it could inhibit the behavioral ability, enzyme activity and alkaloid secretion of RIFA. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth development of guava and the biological control of RIFA.

  Pyraclostrobin, Acetamiprid and Pyridaben Residues in Three Composite Fruit and Vegetable Juice: Determination by LC-MS/MS YE Qian, ZHU Fuwei, WAN Kai, HUANG Congling, TANG Xuemei 2022, 38 (36):  146-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0147 Abstract + ( 224 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1158KB )   ( 30 ) In order to explore the residues of fungicides, insecticides and acaricides, which are commonly used in fruit and vegetable planting, in composite fruit and vegetable juice, a method for the simultaneous detection of pyraclostrobin, acetamiprid and pyridaben in 3 kinds of composite fruit and vegetable juice by LC-MS/MS was developed. Three composite fruit and vegetable juice made by mixed vegetables and fruits were selected as the materials. The samples were initially extracted by acetonitrile containing 1% (v%) acetic acid, and cleaned up by SPE-NH2 column. The targets were separated on a C18 column, and detected by LC-MS/MS with ESI positive polarity multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode. The matrix-matched external standard calibration curves were used for quantitative analysis. The results showed that: good linear relationship appeared in 5-1000 μg/L of acetamiprid and 1-500 μg/L of pyraclostrobin and pyridaben. The correlation coefficients (R2) were higher than 0.9984. Under three spiked levels of 0.010, 0.10 and 0.50 mg/kg, the recovery rates ranged from 80.6% to 113.4%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 0.5%-9.3%. Limit of quantification (LOQ) of pyraclostrobin, acetamiprid and pyridaben were 0.010 mg/kg, which was the lowest spiked concentration. The method can meet the requirements for the determination of pyraclostrobin, acetamiprid and pyridaben residues in composite fruit and vegetable juice simultaneously, and it is quick, efficient and accurate.

  Effects of Different Transportation Modes and Time on the Mortality of Procambarus clarkii Larvae WANG Ning, TANG Jianqing, ZHANG Fengxiang, ZHENG Yao, XU Zhiqiang, LI Jiajia, KONG Fanbin, LIU Zhuping, LIAO Heting, CHEN Jiachang 2022, 38 (36):  152-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0664 Abstract + ( 321 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1086KB )   ( 43 ) In the production process, Procambarus clarkii often has to go through a long transportation process, and the survival rate of the larvae directly affects the economic benefits of farmers. In order to compare the crayfish mortality under various transportation modes, particularly the quantitative stocking of crayfish in the ‘Xinghua Mode’ of shrimp-crab polyculture, the effects of different transportation modes (moss-covered and oxygen bag) and different transportation time (1, 2 and 3 h) on the larvae mortality were studied through simulated transportation experiments. The results showed that compared with water transportation, the mortality of crayfish larvae covered with moss for 1, 2 and 3 h decreased by 30.56%, 27.11% and 16.00%, respectively. In transporting small-sized crayfish larvae, the mortality of oxygen bag transport for 1, 2 and 3 h was 76.99%, 70.77% and 72.16% lower than that of moss-covered transport. During the transportation of medium-sized crayfish larvae, the mortality of moss-covered transport was 13.43% and 9.08% lower than that of crab-box transport after 3 and 6 h, respectively. Farmers can choose a reasonable mode of the transportation of crayfish larvae according to the demand.

  Development Status and Countermeasures of Maize Seed Industry in Guangxi from the Perspective of Intellectual Property SU Yueping, CHEN Huawen, HU Tingting, TANG Qingqing, WEI Changlian 2022, 38 (36):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0635 Abstract + ( 186 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1103KB )   ( 27 ) Taking Guangxi maize seed industry as the research object, this paper studied its development status from the perspective of the protection of intellectual properties such as new plant variety rights, patents, geographical indications and agricultural genetically modified organisms, so as to provide reference for strengthening the construction and utilization of intellectual property system of seed industry. We used China Seed Industry Big Data Platform, incoPat Global Patent Database, National Agricultural Geographical Indication Query System, and the website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, to obtain and analyze the relevant data of agricultural new plant variety rights, patents, geographical indications, agricultural genetically modified organisms and so on. Through in-depth comparative analysis, we found that there were some problems in the development of maize intellectual property in Guangxi, such as the low authorization rate of new plant variety rights of maize, the small number of patent applications, and the lack of safety certificates of genetically modified organisms. Countermeasures were put forward to improve the product quality of maize seed industry, tap superior maize variety resources, strengthen the research of new breeding technologies, and highlight the cultivation and team building of R & D talents and intellectual property talents.