Short Term Effect of Different Organic Materials Addition on Greenhouse Gas Emission of Agricultural Soil in Erhai Lake Basin

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0330

Abstract

Abstract:

Organic material application is an important measure for agricultural soil fertility improvement and has a great effect on soil greenhouse gas emissions. To explore the effect of the addition of different organic materials on soil greenhouse gas emissions from typical open field vegetable and rice-rotated planting patterns in the Erhai Lake basin, the incubation experiment was conducted with four treatments, including no addition (CK), straw, biochar and cow manure addition for 15 days under constant temperature and humidity. The results showed that: (1) compared with CK treatment, the addition of three organic materials all had a reduction trend for vegetable soil N₂O emissions, but an increase for rice-rotated soil, of which the straw addition had a significant increase effect. Compared with straw treatment, soil N₂O emissions from rice-rotated soil under biochar and cow manure treatments declined by 64.9% and 68.3%, respectively (P<0.05). The N₂O emission ratio of open field vegetable soil was reduced by all three organic materials (P<0.05), while only straw significantly increased the soil N₂O emission ratio of rice-rotated soil. (2) The biochar and cow manure treatments had a slight inhibiting effect on soil CO₂ emissions for two soils compared with CK treatment. Compared with straw treatment, the biochar and cow manure treatments significantly reduced soil CO₂ emissions from open field vegetable and rice-rotated soil by 84.9%-85.1% and 41.7%-43.1%, respectively (P<0.05). (3) The addition of organic materials increased the soil CH₄emission from open field vegetable soil, while only straw addition increased the soil CH₄ emission from rice-rotated soil (P<0.05). (4) Compared with CK treatment, soil nitrification rate of open field vegetable soil was significantly increased after organic material addition (P<0.05), and soil mineralization rate was also increased, but only straw and cow manure treatment had significant effects (P<0.05). However, the nitrification rate and mineralization rate of rice-rotated soil after organic material addition were both reduced compared with CK treatment, of which straw and biochar significantly decreased the two rates (P<0.05). The soil N₂O and CO₂emissions of rice-rotated system with only organic fertilizer were significantly higher than those of open field vegetable system with organic and inorganic fertilizer application, and the soil N₂O and CO₂ emissions were significantly increased after the addition of straw. The global warming potential (GWP) of rice-rotated soil with long-term application of organic fertilizer was higher than that of open field vegetable soil, and the addition of straw significantly increased GWP of rice-rotated soil, while the addition of organic matter significantly reduced GWP of open field vegetable soil. This study provided a scientific basis for the appropriate addition of organic materials to farmland in the Erhai Lake basin to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve soil nitrogen supply capacity.

Key words: organic material, greenhouse gas emissions, N₂O, CO₂, CH₄, crop straw, biochar, cow manure, soil mineralization, soil nitrification

GUO Shufang, ZHAI Limei, LIU Hongbin, LEI Baokun. Short Term Effect of Different Organic Materials Addition on Greenhouse Gas Emission of Agricultural Soil in Erhai Lake Basin[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(33): 68-77.

Figures/Tables 7

References 45

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土壤类型	有机碳/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	NO₃^--N/(mg/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	pH	C/N
菜地土	26.9±0.6	3.12±0.06	32.9±0.67	8.29±0.33	2.48±0.06	6.03±0.15	8.62±0.29
水旱轮作土	47.5±0.5	5.36±0.18	1.88±0.14	1.15±0.26	1.45±0.03	7.55±0.12	8.86±0.36

土壤类型	有机碳/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	NO₃^--N/(mg/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	pH	C/N
菜地土	26.9±0.6	3.12±0.06	32.9±0.67	8.29±0.33	2.48±0.06	6.03±0.15	8.62±0.29
水旱轮作土	47.5±0.5	5.36±0.18	1.88±0.14	1.15±0.26	1.45±0.03	7.55±0.12	8.86±0.36

处理	水旱轮作土壤		菜地土壤
处理	净硝化量/(mg/kg)	NO₃^--N排放比率/%	净硝化量/(mg/kg)	NO₃^--N排放比率/%
不添加	6.36±0.78a	10.6	4.72±0.31c	10.6
秸秆	3.57±0.15c	78.6	9.71±0.13a	2.51
生物炭	4.84±0.49bc	20.3	6.26±0.60b	3.57
牛粪	5.46±1.07ab	16.2	8.25±1.41a	2.34

处理	水旱轮作土壤		菜地土壤
处理	净硝化量/(mg/kg)	NO₃^--N排放比率/%	净硝化量/(mg/kg)	NO₃^--N排放比率/%
不添加	6.36±0.78a	10.6	4.72±0.31c	10.6
秸秆	3.57±0.15c	78.6	9.71±0.13a	2.51
生物炭	4.84±0.49bc	20.3	6.26±0.60b	3.57
牛粪	5.46±1.07ab	16.2	8.25±1.41a	2.34