Abstract: To explore the high yield and high efficiency cultivation techniques of peanut to improve seedling emergenceonsaline-alkalilandin the Yellow Riverdelta, we set 4 treatments, CaO0kg/hm2 (CK,Ca-0),180kg/hm2 (Ca-1) and 360 kg/hm2 (Ca-2), and conducted an experiment in field condition to study the change of soil moisture, salt content and available nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients with the process of peanut growth in 0-100 cm profile after flowering stage. The results showed that using calcium fertilizer could significantly reduce the salt content of the soil layer from 0 to 60 cm and increase salt content of the soil layer below 80 cm, and there was little impact on the water content of the 0-40 cm soil layer. However, the soil moisture content of soil layer from 60 to 80 cm after flowering stage was significantly improved and the high calcium fertilizer reduced the water content of the soil layer from 60 to 100 cm. Application of calcium fertilizer significantly improved the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus of the soil layer from 0 to 60 cm after flowering period and decreased the leaching intensity of the soil hydrolyzed nitrogen. The effect of treatment Ca-2 was the most obvious. In the Yellow River delta saline soil area, the soil hydrolyzed nitrogen content was deficient and the available phosphorus content was abundant, but the salt and alkali stress, soil particle dispersion and the lack of granular structure seriously inhibited the absorption of nutrients by peanut root system, and the efficiency of soil phosphorus could not be fully achieved. In conclusion, the basal application of calcium fertilizer could effectively improve the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus of 0-60 cm soil layer, reduce the leaching intensity of hydrolyzed nitrogen, and give full play to the soil fertility.