Effects of Different Straw Chemical Mixed Fertilizer Treatments on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Sweet Corn ‘Zhetian 19’

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0958

Abstract

Abstract:

Straw returning can increase the incidence of diseases and pests, and the slow release of straw nutrients will affect crop growth. The new type of organic-inorganic granular compound fertilizer made of processed straw can not only meet the nutrient demand of crop growth in this season, reduce the application amount and times of fertilizers, but also increase soil organic matter and have a broad application prospect in crop production. This experiment studied the effects of different straw chemical mixed fertilizer treatments on the growth characteristics and yield of sweet corn ‘Zhetian 19’, and clarified the application rates and mode of straw chemical mixed fertilizer in fresh corn planting. Two tests were carried out at Dongyang Corn Research Institute testing base in spring and autumn in 2020. According to different fertilization amounts and methods, 5 straw chemical mixed fertilizer treatments and 2 controls were set up in spring, rod fertilizer treatment was added in autumn. The results showed that there was no significant difference in chlorophyll content between basal application of 150 kg straw chemical mixed granular fertilizer and 20 kg urea in spring and autumn and the control, and the leaf area under the granular fertilizer was higher than that under rod fertilizer. The yield of basal application of 150 kg straw chemical mixed fertilizer and 20 kg urea had no significant difference with that of the control, with only 3.8% decrease. The nitrogen recovery efficiency and dry matter weight of the above basal application mode were higher than those of other treatments, which were 6.39 g/g and 7.82% higher than those of control, indicating that this fertilization mode was more suitable for the nutrient demand of sweet corn. In conclusion, straw chemical mixed granular fertilizer can partly replace chemical fertilizer. Due to the slow-release effect of straw chemical mixed fertilizer, its combined application with urea can meet the nutrient demand of ‘Zhetian 19’ in the whole growth period, and the effect of granular fertilizer is better than that of rod fertilizer. Therefore, 150 kg straw chemical mixed fertilizer and 20 kg urea used for basal application can replace the traditional fertilization mode, and reduce the chemical fertilizer application amount and times. At the same time, this mode can cut the manpower input and raise the production efficiency.

Key words: straw chemical mixed fertilizer, sweet corn, chlorophyll content, leaf area, yield, nitrogen recovery efficiency

CLC Number:

S513

HOU Junfeng, CHEN Bin, BAO Fei, TAN Heping, HAN Hailiang, WANG Guiyue, ZHAO Fucheng. Effects of Different Straw Chemical Mixed Fertilizer Treatments on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Sweet Corn ‘Zhetian 19’[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(23): 6-14.

Figures/Tables 8

References 28

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	有机质	全氮	全钾	全磷
有机型秸混肥	68.6	4.0	4.7	1.7

	有机质	全氮	全钾	全磷
有机型秸混肥	68.6	4.0	4.7	1.7

施肥处理	春季/(kg/hm²)							秋季/(kg/hm²)
施肥处理	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S0	CK	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6	A0	CK
秸混肥	2250	2250	2250	2250	2250	0	-	2250	2250	2250	2250	2250	2250	0	-
复合肥	-	-	-	-	-	-	600	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	600
尿素（底施）	0	0	0	150	300	0	0	0	150	300	0	150	300	0	0
尿素（大喇叭口期）	0	150	300	0	0	0	300	300	150	0	300	150	0	0	300

施肥处理	春季/(kg/hm²)							秋季/(kg/hm²)
施肥处理	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S0	CK	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6	A0	CK
秸混肥	2250	2250	2250	2250	2250	0	-	2250	2250	2250	2250	2250	2250	0	-
复合肥	-	-	-	-	-	-	600	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	600
尿素（底施）	0	0	0	150	300	0	0	0	150	300	0	150	300	0	0
尿素（大喇叭口期）	0	150	300	0	0	0	300	300	150	0	300	150	0	0	300

季节	育苗	0 DAP	10 DAP	20 DAP
春季	3月30日	6月10日	6月20日	7月2日
秋季	7月17日	9月10日	9月21日	10月5日