Effects of Organic Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Community Characteristics: Research Progress

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0167

Abstract

Abstract:

Soil microorganism is the key index to evaluate soil health. In agricultural production, fertilization improves soil fertility and crop yield, and also profoundly changes the living environment of soil microorganisms. Under the fundamental national policy of agricultural production development and promotion of organic fertilizers, studying the effects of organic fertilizers on soil microorganisms is conducive to a comprehensive and objective evaluation of the significance of organic fertilizers to soil health. Since the 1970s and 1980s, China has arranged a number of long-term positioning fertilization experiments for different soil types and land use types, which provided data support for studying the influence of organic fertilizers on soil microbial community structure and diversity. Based on these research results, this paper analyzed the development trend of soil microbial research and environmental factors, expounded the positive effects of organic fertilizers on improving soil microbial biomass and constructing community structure, and discussed the impact of organic fertilizers on the functional diversity of soil microbial community. In general, organic fertilizers can change the diversity and carbon utilization characteristics of soil microbial community, and play an important role in maintaining microbial metabolic function and the stability of soil ecosystem. Organic fertilizers improve the ratio of soil bacteria to fungi, increase the abundance of functional microbial communities such as archaea, nitrogen fixing microorganisms and ammonia oxidizing microorganisms, and inhibit the activity of soil pathogens, so as to improve the activity of soil carbon and nitrogen metabolism and maintain soil health. The way of constructing soil microbial community structure by organic fertilizers is mainly to cause the changes of soil pH, nutrient content, aggregate structure, enzyme activity and other physical and chemical properties, as well as the effects of exogenous microorganisms, antibiotics and heavy metals on the characteristics of soil microbial community. Therefore, soil conditions, crop types and fertilizer types should be comprehensively considered when applying organic fertilizers. In the future, we can deeply explore the functional characteristics and action mechanism of microbial communities through new biotechnology, develop safe and efficient new microbial fertilizer products, and give full play to the role of soil microorganisms in the green development of agriculture. In addition, we should pay attention to the development and verification of soil microbial indicators, and carry out the research on evaluation system of soil health deeply.

Key words: organic fertilizer, soil health, soil microorganism, microbial community structure, functional diversity

HUANG Yingbo, LUO Fan, GONG Xuejiao, WANG Yinchun, LI Lanying, LIU Dongna, YAO Yu. Effects of Organic Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Community Characteristics: Research Progress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(3): 88-96.

Figures/Tables 1

References 97

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供试土壤		气候类型		土地利用方式		pH		处理		微生物生物量碳变化		微生物生物量氮变化	参考文献
黄壤		亚热带季风气候		水田（稻田）		6.6		不施肥		0		0	[39]
								化肥		+3.72%		+43.8%
								单施有机肥		+53.5%		+106.6%
								低量有机无机肥配施		+35.7%		+69.2%
								高量有机无机肥配施		+64.0%		+98.4%
红壤		亚热带季风气候		水田（稻田）		6.9		不施肥		0		0	[44]
红壤		亚热带季风气候		水田（稻田）		6.9		有机无机配施		+60.2%		+60.4%	[44]
红黄壤		亚热带季风气候		旱地（茶园）		5.19		不施肥		0		0	[40]
								化肥		-34.3%		-31.1%
								半量化肥+半量有机肥		-4.5%		-4.5%
								全量有机肥		+104.7%		+21.4
								全量化肥+豆科绿肥		+142.5%		+29.5%
供试土壤	气候类型		土地利用方式		pH		处理		微生物生物量碳变化		微生物生物量氮变化			参考文献
潮土	温带大陆性气候		旱地轮作（小麦—玉米）		7.58		不施肥		0		-			[43]
							化肥		-4.4%		-
							有机肥		3.7%		-
							有机无机配施（测土配方）		36.6%		-
							有机无机配施（农户习惯）		21.5%		-
黑垆土	温带季风气候		旱地（小麦连作）		8.10		不施肥		0		0			[45]
							氮磷肥		-5.6%		176%
							单施有机肥		+31.1%		662%
							氮肥+有机肥		-		442%
							磷肥+有机肥		+46.6%		326%
							氮磷肥+有机肥		+34.5%		355%
沼泽土，潮土	温带大陆性气候		旱地（棉花连作）		8.44		不施肥		0		0			[46]
沼泽土，潮土					8.44		生物有机肥用（低量-高量）		+28.7%~+92.9%		+0.7%~+1.1%
灰漠土，壤土					9.32		不施肥		0		0
灰漠土，壤土					9.32		生物有机肥用（低量-高量）		+28.6%~+127.9%		+12.3%~+83.9%
灰漠土，砂土					8.75		不施肥		0		0
灰漠土，砂土					8.75		生物有机肥用（低量-高量）		+39.2%~+146.3%		+25.2%~+148.8%

供试土壤		气候类型		土地利用方式		pH		处理		微生物生物量碳变化		微生物生物量氮变化	参考文献
黄壤		亚热带季风气候		水田（稻田）		6.6		不施肥		0		0	[39]
								化肥		+3.72%		+43.8%
								单施有机肥		+53.5%		+106.6%
								低量有机无机肥配施		+35.7%		+69.2%
								高量有机无机肥配施		+64.0%		+98.4%
红壤		亚热带季风气候		水田（稻田）		6.9		不施肥		0		0	[44]
红壤		亚热带季风气候		水田（稻田）		6.9		有机无机配施		+60.2%		+60.4%	[44]
红黄壤		亚热带季风气候		旱地（茶园）		5.19		不施肥		0		0	[40]
								化肥		-34.3%		-31.1%
								半量化肥+半量有机肥		-4.5%		-4.5%
								全量有机肥		+104.7%		+21.4
								全量化肥+豆科绿肥		+142.5%		+29.5%
供试土壤	气候类型		土地利用方式		pH		处理		微生物生物量碳变化		微生物生物量氮变化			参考文献
潮土	温带大陆性气候		旱地轮作（小麦—玉米）		7.58		不施肥		0		-			[43]
							化肥		-4.4%		-
							有机肥		3.7%		-
							有机无机配施（测土配方）		36.6%		-
							有机无机配施（农户习惯）		21.5%		-
黑垆土	温带季风气候		旱地（小麦连作）		8.10		不施肥		0		0			[45]
							氮磷肥		-5.6%		176%
							单施有机肥		+31.1%		662%
							氮肥+有机肥		-		442%
							磷肥+有机肥		+46.6%		326%
							氮磷肥+有机肥		+34.5%		355%
沼泽土，潮土	温带大陆性气候		旱地（棉花连作）		8.44		不施肥		0		0			[46]
沼泽土，潮土					8.44		生物有机肥用（低量-高量）		+28.7%~+92.9%		+0.7%~+1.1%
灰漠土，壤土					9.32		不施肥		0		0
灰漠土，壤土					9.32		生物有机肥用（低量-高量）		+28.6%~+127.9%		+12.3%~+83.9%
灰漠土，砂土					8.75		不施肥		0		0
灰漠土，砂土					8.75		生物有机肥用（低量-高量）		+39.2%~+146.3%		+25.2%~+148.8%