Nitrogen Application Rate Affects Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss and Tobacco Nitrogen Utilization in the Fuxian Lake Basin

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0344

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the suitable nitrogen (N) application rate for flue-cured tobacco in the tobacco planting areas of Fuxian Lake basin and reduce runoff loss of nitrogen and phosphorus (P) from tobacco field, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different N application rates (N0: 0 kg/hm², N60: 60 kg/hm², N75: 75 kg/hm², N90: 90 kg/hm² and N105: 105 kg/hm²) on N and P loss from farmland via surface runoff, and N use efficiency and economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The results are as the follows. (1) With the increase of N fertilizer application rate, the concentration and the loss of total N (TN), total P (TP) via surface runoff increased gradually. (2) Compared with conventional N application treatment (N105), the average concentration of TN and TP in surface runoff under N60, N75 and N90 treatments decreased by 18.6%, 14.7%, 9.15% and 12.3%, 7.66%, 5.25%, respectively, and the total loss of TN and TP under N60, N75 and N90 treatments decreased by 19.2%, 18.1%, 9.81%, and 14.4%, 10.1%, 6.78%, respectively. (3) The N accumulation of tobacco plants increased with the increase of N application rate. Meanwhile, the N use efficiency increased first and then decreased, of which the highest value of 27.00% was obtained in N75 treatment. The partial productivity of N fertilizer decreased significantly with the increase of N application rate (P<0.05). (4) The yield of flue-cured tobacco increased with the increase of N application rate, and the yield of N application treatments increased by 3.02%-13.9% compared with that of N0 treatment. Similarly, the proportion of high-quality tobacco, high-medium quality tobacco, output value and average price increased first and then decreased with the increase of N application rate. The best quality and output value of flue-cured tobacco were obtained by N75 treatment. Considering the economic characteristics and environmental benefits of flue-cured tobacco, 75 kg/hm² N application rate could not only improve the economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, but also effectively reduce the risk of soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss in tobacco growing areas in Fuxian Lake basin.

Key words: Fuxian Lake basin, nitrogen application rate, nitrogen and phosphorus loss, flue-cured tobacco, nitrogen use efficiency

DU Caiyan, WU Di, LI Jiakui, BAI Jiyuan, DAI Kuai, LI Jiarui, HE Yuhua, LI Jiangzhou. Nitrogen Application Rate Affects Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss and Tobacco Nitrogen Utilization in the Fuxian Lake Basin[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(3): 80-87.

Figures/Tables 6

References 33

[10]	田昌, 周旋, 杨俊彦, 等. 化肥氮磷优化减施对水稻产量和田面水氮磷流失的影响[J]. 土壤, 2020, 52(2):311.
[11]	张敏, 赵淼, 田玉华, 等. 太湖地区高产高效措施下水稻氮淋溶和径流损失的研究[J]. 土壤, 2018, 50(1):352.
[12]	侯红乾, 冀建华, 刘益仁, 等. 缓/控释肥对双季稻产量、氮素吸收和平衡的影响[J]. 土壤, 2018, 50(1):43.
[13]	LEE C, FEYEREISEN G W, HRISTOV A N, et al. Effects of dietary protein concentration on ammonia volatilization, nitrate leaching, and plant nitrogen uptake from dairy manure applied to lysimeters[J]. Journal of environmental quality, 2014, 43(1):398. doi: 10.2134/jeq2013.03.0083 pmid: 25602574
[14]	麻万诸, 章明奎. 改良剂降低富磷蔬菜地土壤磷和氮流失的作用[J]. 水土保持学报, 2012, 26(5):22.
[15]	郭智, 刘红江, 张岳芳, 等. 不同施肥模式对菜地氮素径流损失与表观平衡的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019, 33(4):102.
[16]	VAN D E GIESEN N C, STOMPH T J, DE RIDDER N. Scale effects of Hortonian overland flow and rainfall-run off dynamics in a West African catena landscape[J]. Hydrological processes, 2000, 14:165. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(200001)14:1<165::AID-HYP920>3.0.CO;2-1 URL
[17]	鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社. 1999.12-15,211-214.
[18]	国家技术监督局.GB 2635-92烤烟[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1992:7-8.
[19]	骆晓声, 寇长林, 王小非, 等. 施氮量对潮土区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田氮磷淋溶的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2021, 29(1):29.
[20]	毛妍婷, 刘宏斌, 郭树芳, 等. 耕作措施对坡耕地红壤地表径流氮磷流失的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(5):26.
[21]	云南省烟草公司科教处, 云南烟草研究院农业所. 烤烟经济合理施肥技术手则[M]. 昆明: 云南科技出版社, 1996:1-2.
[22]	邓建强, 王瑞, 谭军, 等. 恩施州烟田养分输入、输出与平衡[J]. 中国烟草学报, 2013, 19(1):37.
[23]	周亚哲, 杨梦慧, 王芳, 等. 嘉禾烟区‘云烟99’适宜施氮量与种植密度初探[J]. 作物研究, 2016, 30(6):714.
[24]	王正旭, 陈明辉, 申国明, 等. 施氮量和留叶数对烤烟红花大金元产质量的影响[J]. 中国烟草科学, 2011, 32(3):76.
[25]	李云霞, 余金龙, 罗经仁, 等. 施氮水平对烤烟新品HN2146产质量的影响[J]. 贵州农业科学, 2019, 47(6):37.
[1]	张延春, 陈治锋, 龙怀玉, 等. 不同氮素形态及比例对烤烟长势、产量及部分品质因素的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11(6):787.
[2]	YANG S, PENG S, XU J, et al. Nitrogen loss from paddy field with different water and nitrogen managements in Taihu Lake region of China[J]. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 2013, 44(16):2393. doi: 10.1080/00103624.2013.803564 URL
[3]	ZHAO X, ZHOU Y, MIN J, et al. Nitrogen runoff dominates water nitrogen pollution from rice-wheat rotation in the Taihu Lake region of China[J]. Agriculture ecosystems & environment, 2012, 156(4):1. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2012.04.024 URL
[4]	CAO Y S, TIAN Y H, YIN B, et al. Improving agronomic practices to reduce nitrate leaching from the rice-wheat rotation system[J]. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 2014, 195:61. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.020 URL
[5]	罗玉, 肖尧, 张晓旭, 等. 抚仙湖—星云湖流域氮,磷污染防治对策研究—以2000-2015年数据为例[J]. 环境保护科学, 2020, 46(1):106.
[6]	杨淑香. 浅析抚仙湖主要入湖河流污染物特征[J]. 环境科学导刊, 2019, 38(1):62.
[7]	赵祖军, 郑田甜, 赵筱青, 等. 云南高原湖泊流域种植业面源污染物的流失特征分析[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2018, 35(1):40-47.
[8]	杜彩艳, 吴迪, 周文兵, 等. 施氮水平对抚仙湖流域植烟区烤烟产质量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2021(6):197-205.
[9]	吴兴富, 宋春满, 邓建华, 等. 云南烟区烤烟糖含量特点[J]. 湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版, 2010, 36(3):289.
[26]	王旭, 李贞宇, 马文奇, 等. 中国主要生态区小麦施肥增产效应分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(12):2469.
[27]	余小芬, 杨树明, 邹炳礼, 等. 云南多雨烟区增密减氮对烤烟产质量及养分利用率的调控效应[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(5):327.
[28]	张硕, 沈晗, 裴洲洋, 等. 氮钾肥用量对皖南烤烟生长发育及养分吸收的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(4):167. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751224
[29]	陈江华, 刘建利, 李志宏. 中国植烟土壤及烟草养分综合管理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2008.
[30]	陈同斌, 曾希柏, 胡清秀. 中国化肥利用率的区域分异[J]. 地理学报, 2002, 57(5):8.
[31]	李娟, 李松昊, 邬奇峰, 等. 不同施肥处理对稻田氮素径流和渗漏损失的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2016, 305:23.
[32]	缪杰杰, 刘运峰, 胡宏祥, 等. 不同施肥模式对稻田氮磷流失及产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(5):86.
[33]	夏小江, 胡清宇, 朱利群, 等. 太湖地区稻田田面水氮磷动态特征及径流流失研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(4):21.

肥料种类	化肥	有机肥
养分含量	烟草专用复合肥(N:P₂O₅:K₂O=12:6:24)	油枯型，油枯总养分 (N+P₂O₅+K₂O)的质量分数≥5%，有机质的质量分数≥50%
	烤烟提苗肥(N:P₂O₅:K₂O=28:0:5)
	尿素(N 46%)
	过磷酸钙(P 17%)
	硫酸钾(K₂O₅ 0%)

肥料种类	化肥	有机肥
养分含量	烟草专用复合肥(N:P₂O₅:K₂O=12:6:24)	油枯型，油枯总养分 (N+P₂O₅+K₂O)的质量分数≥5%，有机质的质量分数≥50%
	烤烟提苗肥(N:P₂O₅:K₂O=28:0:5)
	尿素(N 46%)
	过磷酸钙(P 17%)
	硫酸钾(K₂O₅ 0%)

处理	N0	N60	N75	N90	N105
积累量/(kg/hm²)	80.4±3.83 c	86.6±4.53 b	100.5±2.16 a	103.7±1.77 a	102.6±3.23 a
氮肥利用率/%	—	10.3±3.58 b	27.0±6.39 a	25.9±5.59 a	21.1±10.61 ab
氮肥偏生产力/(kg/kg)	—	45.5±1.59 a	38.3±0.66 b	33.1±0.64 c	28.7±0.53 d

处理	N0	N60	N75	N90	N105
积累量/(kg/hm²)	80.4±3.83 c	86.6±4.53 b	100.5±2.16 a	103.7±1.77 a	102.6±3.23 a
氮肥利用率/%	—	10.3±3.58 b	27.0±6.39 a	25.9±5.59 a	21.1±10.61 ab
氮肥偏生产力/(kg/kg)	—	45.5±1.59 a	38.3±0.66 b	33.1±0.64 c	28.7±0.53 d