Effects of Two Rootstocks on Quality and Mineral Nutrition of ‘Eureka’ Blueberry Fruit

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0554

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to further clarify the effects of different rootstocks on fruit quality of blueberry, the fruit quality traits, photosynthetic characteristics, and mineral nutrient changes of the southern highbush blueberry ‘Eureka’ (Vaccinium corymbosum) grafted on the rabbit eye blueberry ‘Choice’ and ‘Baldwin’ (V. virgatum) were studied. Seven fruit quality traits, such as the fresh weight of single fruit, were determined and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was carried out. The photosynthetic parameters were measured by a portable photosynthesizer, and the contents of mineral elements of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in fruits and leaves were determined with a plasma emission spectrometer. The anthocyanin and vitamin C contents in the fruit of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ were the highest, and the comprehensive quality of the fruit was good, while the comprehensive quality of the fruit of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Baldwin’ and own-rooted ‘Eureka’ were medium. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ were significantly lower than those of own-rooted ‘Eureka’, while there was no significant difference in the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) between the grafted and non-grafted ‘Eureka’, and Pn was only positively correlated with Gs. It was speculated that the relatively low Pn value of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ was mainly caused by non-stomatal factors. The contents of Ca and Mn in the leaves of the grafted and non-grafted ‘Eureka’, the contents of Mg in the leaves of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ and ‘Baldwin’, and the contents of B and Cu in the leaves of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ were all at a low level, while others were at a moderate or high level. ‘Choice’ rootstock significantly improved the fruit quality of ‘Eureka’, but significantly reduced the Pn value. Both ‘Choice’ and ‘Baldwin’ reduced the Mg content of ‘Eureka’ leaves, and ‘Choice’ rootstock also reduced the B and Cu content of ‘Eureka’ leaves. Therefore, in addition to increasing the application of Ca and Mn fertilizers in the production of ‘Eureka’ blueberries, Mg fertilizer should also be applied to the ‘Eureka’ grafted on two rootstocks, and B and Cu fertilizers need to be added to the ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’.

Key words: rootstocks, ‘Eureka’ blueberry, fruit quality, photosynthetic characteristics, mineral nutrition

YU Ran, GUO Peipei, WU Shuangshuang, ZHU Xinyi, ZUO Zhaorui, ZHANG Chunlong, ZHU Bo, XIAO Jiaxin. Effects of Two Rootstocks on Quality and Mineral Nutrition of ‘Eureka’ Blueberry Fruit[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(16): 57-62.

Figures/Tables 8

References 29

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砧木	单果鲜重/g	纵径/mm	横径/mm	花青苷/(mg/100 g)	维生素C/(mg/100 g)	可溶性固形物/%	可滴定酸/%	固酸比
精华	3.22±0.34a	13.62±0.35a	18.05±0.69a	44.75±2.12a	191.95±23.23a	11.25±0.20a	0.40±0.29a	45.17±18.84a
巴尔德温	3.00±0.11a	14.07±1.09a	17.73±1.33a	30.12±6.32b	125.17±16.77b	12.00±0.41a	0.78±0.16a	16.87±3.13a
自根树	2.24±0.02b	12.20±0.47b	16.08±0.09b	35.41±5.27b	103.71±10.87b	11.30±0.65a	0.49±0.14a	26.89±8.21a

砧木	单果鲜重/g	纵径/mm	横径/mm	花青苷/(mg/100 g)	维生素C/(mg/100 g)	可溶性固形物/%	可滴定酸/%	固酸比
精华	3.22±0.34a	13.62±0.35a	18.05±0.69a	44.75±2.12a	191.95±23.23a	11.25±0.20a	0.40±0.29a	45.17±18.84a
巴尔德温	3.00±0.11a	14.07±1.09a	17.73±1.33a	30.12±6.32b	125.17±16.77b	12.00±0.41a	0.78±0.16a	16.87±3.13a
自根树	2.24±0.02b	12.20±0.47b	16.08±0.09b	35.41±5.27b	103.71±10.87b	11.30±0.65a	0.49±0.14a	26.89±8.21a

砧木	综合评判值	品质等级
精华	0.59	良
巴尔德温	0.42	中
自根树	0.26	中

砧木	综合评判值	品质等级
精华	0.59	良
巴尔德温	0.42	中
自根树	0.26	中

砧木	Pn/[ìmol/(m²·s)]	Tr/[mmol/(m²·s)]	Gs/[mol/(m²·s)]	Ci/(ìmol/mol)
精华	4.45±0.41c	0.67±0.23a	0.09±0.009b	116.67±9.30a
巴尔德温	5.98±0.21b	0.98±0.15a	0.11±0.014ab	138.00±24.00a
自根树	8.20±0.86a	0.81±0.13a	0.14±0.019a	131.00±31.60a