Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of Soil Nutrients and Fertility Evaluation of Tobacco-planting Soil in Tobacco-rice Rotation Area of Hunan Province

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0637

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the change characteristics and current soil fertility level of tobacco-planting soil in the tobacco-rice rotation area of southern Hunan Province, and provide theoretical basis for better management of tobacco-planting soil resources and soil improvement through fertilizer cultivation, soil pH, organic matters and key elements of 10 regions under the administration of Chenzhou City and Yongzhou City in 2010, 2015 and 2022 were comprehensively analyzed, and the changes of soil fertility were evaluated systematically as well. The results showed that, compared with 2010, the pH and available manganese of tobacco soil in the southern Hunan tobacco rice rotation area in 2022 were relatively stable, while soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, total potassium and available molybdenum decreased by 9.78%, 19.71%, 32.37% and 66.67%, respectively. However, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium increased significantly by 26.37%, 76.78% and 122.53%, respectively. The trace elements in soil (water-soluble chlorine, available iron, available copper, available boron and exchangeable magnesium) also increased significantly. After 12 years of production and utilization, the comprehensive fertility value of soil in all regions of southern Hunan was improved, and the overall comprehensive fertility index of rice-growing tobacco area was increased by 0.190 units, and the fertility grade was increased from medium to higher grade, the soil fertility was significantly improved. Above all, under the premise of stabilizing the soil pH value, tobacco fertilization should strictly control the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus, increase the application of molybdenum, maintain the amount of manganese, and reduce the amount of medium and trace element fertilizers such as chlorine and zinc.

Key words: tobacco-planting soil, tobacco-rice rotation, fertility evaluation, fertility change

HAO Hanchi, LI Yao, XIAO Ziman, CHEN Shasha, PENG Sai, LIN Xiaoruo, SU Mengjie, XIAO Yansong, LI Xiaohui, LIU Yongjun, HOU Hongbo, LONG Jian, PENG Peiqin. Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of Soil Nutrients and Fertility Evaluation of Tobacco-planting Soil in Tobacco-rice Rotation Area of Hunan Province[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(20): 54-64.

Figures/Tables 7

References 38

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市	地区	经度/E	纬度/N	成土母质	土壤质地
郴州	安平	113°21′58″—113°05′24″	26°33′42″—26°57′21″	紫色砂页岩	壤土
	敖泉	112°34′35″—112°10′27″	25°55′45″—25°13′41″	石灰岩	粉砂质黏壤土
	浩塘	112°33′55″—112°55′37″	25°45′31″—25°58′29″	石灰岩	壤质黏土
	仁义	112°32′26″—112°36′46″	25°37′15″—25°11′30″	石灰岩	壤质黏土
	方元	112°13′26″—112°31′03″	25°29′15″—25°27′16″	石灰岩	壤质黏土
	黄沙	112°43′33″—112°27′31″	25°09′13″—25°27′35″	石灰岩	粉砂质壤土
永州	太平	112°07′31″—112°24′08″	25°39′52″—25°50′06″	砂砾岩	粉砂质壤土
	土市	112°18′05″—112°32′26″	25°31′38″—25°14′14″	砂砾岩	粉砂质壤土
	白芒营	111°30′45″—111°03′46″	24°56′40″—24°38′08″	砂砾岩	粉砂质壤土
	大石桥	111°30′43″—111°44′01″	24°52′31″—24°51′27″	砂砾岩	壤土

市	地区	经度/E	纬度/N	成土母质	土壤质地
郴州	安平	113°21′58″—113°05′24″	26°33′42″—26°57′21″	紫色砂页岩	壤土
	敖泉	112°34′35″—112°10′27″	25°55′45″—25°13′41″	石灰岩	粉砂质黏壤土
	浩塘	112°33′55″—112°55′37″	25°45′31″—25°58′29″	石灰岩	壤质黏土
	仁义	112°32′26″—112°36′46″	25°37′15″—25°11′30″	石灰岩	壤质黏土
	方元	112°13′26″—112°31′03″	25°29′15″—25°27′16″	石灰岩	壤质黏土
	黄沙	112°43′33″—112°27′31″	25°09′13″—25°27′35″	石灰岩	粉砂质壤土
永州	太平	112°07′31″—112°24′08″	25°39′52″—25°50′06″	砂砾岩	粉砂质壤土
	土市	112°18′05″—112°32′26″	25°31′38″—25°14′14″	砂砾岩	粉砂质壤土
	白芒营	111°30′45″—111°03′46″	24°56′40″—24°38′08″	砂砾岩	粉砂质壤土
	大石桥	111°30′43″—111°44′01″	24°52′31″—24°51′27″	砂砾岩	壤土

隶属函数	肥力指标	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄
抛物线型	pH	5.0	5.5	7.0	7.5
	有机质/(g/kg)	15	25	35	45
	全氮/(g/kg)	0.5	1.0	2.0	2.5
	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	65	100	180	240
	水溶性氯/(mg/kg)	5	10	30	40
S型	全磷/(g/kg)	0.5	1.5
	有效磷/(mg/kg)	10	40
	全钾/(g/kg)	10	25
	速效钾/(mg/kg)	80	350
	有效铁/(mg/kg)	2.5	60
	有效锰/(mg/kg)	5.0	40
	有效铜/(mg/kg)	0.2	3.0
	有效锌/(mg/kg)	0.5	4.0
	有效硼/(mg/kg)	0.15	1.0
	有效钼/(mg/kg)	0.05	0.2
	交换性钙/[cmol(1/2Ca²⁺)/kg]	3	18
	交换性镁/[cmol(1/2Mg²⁺)/kg]	0.5	2.8

隶属函数	肥力指标	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄
抛物线型	pH	5.0	5.5	7.0	7.5
	有机质/(g/kg)	15	25	35	45
	全氮/(g/kg)	0.5	1.0	2.0	2.5
	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	65	100	180	240
	水溶性氯/(mg/kg)	5	10	30	40
S型	全磷/(g/kg)	0.5	1.5
	有效磷/(mg/kg)	10	40
	全钾/(g/kg)	10	25
	速效钾/(mg/kg)	80	350
	有效铁/(mg/kg)	2.5	60
	有效锰/(mg/kg)	5.0	40
	有效铜/(mg/kg)	0.2	3.0
	有效锌/(mg/kg)	0.5	4.0
	有效硼/(mg/kg)	0.15	1.0
	有效钼/(mg/kg)	0.05	0.2
	交换性钙/[cmol(1/2Ca²⁺)/kg]	3	18
	交换性镁/[cmol(1/2Mg²⁺)/kg]	0.5	2.8

肥力指标	等级
肥力指标	低	偏低	适宜	偏高	高
pH	<5.0	5.0~5.5	5.5~7	7~7.5	≥7.5
有机质/(g/kg)	<15	15~25	25~35	35~45	≥45
全氮/(g/kg)	<0.5	0.5~1	1~2	2~2.5	≥2.5
碱解氮/(mg/kg)	<65	65~100	100~180	180~240	≥240
水溶性氯/(mg/kg)	<5	5~10	10~30	30~40	≥40
全磷/(g/kg)	<0.5	0.5~1	1~1.5	≥1.5
有效磷/(mg/kg)	<10	10~15	15~30	30~40	≥40
全钾/(g/kg)	<10	10~15	15~20	20~25	≥25
速效钾/(mg/kg)	<80	80~150	150~220	220~350	≥350
有效铁/(mg/kg)	<2.5	2.5~4.5	4.5~10	10~60	≥60
有效锰/(mg/kg)	<5	5~10	10~20	20~40	≥40
有效铜/(mg/kg)	<0.2	0.2~0.5	0.5~1.0	1.0~3.0	≥3.0
有效锌/(mg/kg)	<0.5	0.5~1.0	1.0~2.0	2.0~4.0	≥4.0
有效硼/(mg/kg)	<0.15	0.15~0.3	0.3~0.6	0.6~1.0	≥1.0
有效钼/(mg/kg)	<0.05	0.05~0.1	0.1~0.15	0.15~0.2	≥0.2
交换性钙/[cmol(1/2Ca²⁺)/kg]	<3	3~6	6~10	10~18	≥18
交换性镁/[cmol(1/2Mg²⁺)/kg]	<0.5	0.5~1	1~1.6	1.6~2.8	≥2.8