Study on Micro-stratification of Soil Properties in Weak Structure Topsoil under Hydroponic Tillage Condition

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0659

Abstract

Abstract:

Due to the selective settlement of soil particles, hydroponic tillage in weakly structured farmland soil can lead to the difference in material composition between the upper and lower parts of the cultivated layer. To understand whether this difference will result in the differentiation of soil properties, this paper selected representative farmlands, compared and analyzed the differences in soil properties between the upper and lower parts of the tillage layer under the hydroponic and dry tillage, and also compared them with the well-developed structure soil. The results showed that there were significant differences in particle composition, organic matter, total nitrogen content, CEC, available phosphorus, available potassium, microbial biomass carbon and the contents of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb between the upper and lower soils of the weak structure farmland subjected to long-term hydroponic tillage condition. The coarse particles (gravel and sand) increased from top to bottom, while the fine particles (clay) decreased from top to bottom. From 0-2 cm soil layer to 18-20 cm soil layer, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and CEC decreased by 49.77%, 48.77% and 38.25%, respectively, and soil available phosphorus, available potassium and microbial biomass carbon decreased by 21.23%, 13.54% and 29.24%, respectively. From 0-4 cm soil layer to 16-20 cm soil layer, the contents of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb decreased from 27.43-28.33, 65.45-71.43, 0.13-0.15 and 24.73-27.65 mg/kg to 23.74-24.32, 53.66-54.54, 0.053-0.067 and 18.78-19.54 mg/kg, respectively. However, the change in soil pH was not obvious. Long term hydroponic tillage in well structured farmland had little or no effect on the above characters. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, CEC, available nutrients, microbial biomass carbon, Zn and Pb in the soil tillage layer under long-term dry tillage also decreased with depth, but the difference between the top and bottom was small, and the tillage had no significant effect on the distribution of particle composition, pH, Cu and Cd in the tillage layer of well structured soil. The study suggested that long-term hydroponics tillage could lead to the micro-stratification of soil properties in the weak structure tillage layer, lead to material heterogeneity, affecting the absorption of soil nutrients by crops. Attention should be paid to the improvement of structure for the weak structure tillage layer.

Key words: hydroponics, weak structure topsoil, particle composition, micro stratification, differentiation

WANG Ze, ZHANG Lijun, ZHU Jie, ZHANG Mingkui. Study on Micro-stratification of Soil Properties in Weak Structure Topsoil under Hydroponic Tillage Condition[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(20): 78-83.

Figures/Tables 4

References 15

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耕作方式	深度/cm	弱结构土壤				强结构土壤
耕作方式	深度/cm	有机质/(g/kg)	CEC/(cmol/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	CEC/(cmol/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	pH
水耕	0~2	15.23	9.15	1.62	5.76	22.43	16.43	2.14	6.14
	2~4	13.66	9.32	1.43	5.78	23.12	16.32	2.09	6.23
	4~6	13.24	7.65	1.53	5.93	21.54	15.54	2.13	6.08
	6~8	14.43	7.33	1.38	5.74	20.45	17.43	2.13	6.17
	8~10	10.46	8.79	1.12	5.66	23.54	16.76	2.06	6.23
	10~12	11.43	7.68	1.25	5.87	21.65	15.46	2.13	6.11
	12~14	13.23	6.87	1.08	5.64	23.43	16.13	2.15	6.32
	14~16	9.73	5.98	0.87	5.78	21.34	15.65	2.01	6.14
	16~18	9.77	6.44	0.92	5.66	18.67	15.76	1.97	6.15
	18~20	7.65	5.65	0.83	5.73	16.76	15.87	1.89	6.05
旱耕	0~2	12.21	8.12	1.17	5.54	22.43	17.43	2.11	6.01
	2~4	12.67	7.66	1.23	5.73	23.15	16.87	2.09	5.89
	4~6	12.14	7.45	1.16	5.62	21.45	17.23	2.17	5.87
	6~8	11.76	6.98	1.21	5.47	21.76	16.57	2.34	6.02
	8~10	13.21	7.93	1.18	5.73	20.43	16.88	2.28	5.89
	10~12	12.53	7.68	1.16	5.54	20.17	16.12	2.09	5.73
	12~14	11.87	7.45	1.15	5.49	20.43	15.87	1.89	5.98
	14~16	11.23	7.58	1.13	5.63	20.04	16.24	1.96	6.13
	16~18	10.32	7.65	1.21	5.87	21.13	16.87	2.12	6.05
	18~20	10.32	7.23	1.09	5.79	20.65	16.89	2.01	6.11

耕作方式	深度/cm	弱结构土壤				强结构土壤
耕作方式	深度/cm	有机质/(g/kg)	CEC/(cmol/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	CEC/(cmol/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	pH
水耕	0~2	15.23	9.15	1.62	5.76	22.43	16.43	2.14	6.14
	2~4	13.66	9.32	1.43	5.78	23.12	16.32	2.09	6.23
	4~6	13.24	7.65	1.53	5.93	21.54	15.54	2.13	6.08
	6~8	14.43	7.33	1.38	5.74	20.45	17.43	2.13	6.17
	8~10	10.46	8.79	1.12	5.66	23.54	16.76	2.06	6.23
	10~12	11.43	7.68	1.25	5.87	21.65	15.46	2.13	6.11
	12~14	13.23	6.87	1.08	5.64	23.43	16.13	2.15	6.32
	14~16	9.73	5.98	0.87	5.78	21.34	15.65	2.01	6.14
	16~18	9.77	6.44	0.92	5.66	18.67	15.76	1.97	6.15
	18~20	7.65	5.65	0.83	5.73	16.76	15.87	1.89	6.05
旱耕	0~2	12.21	8.12	1.17	5.54	22.43	17.43	2.11	6.01
	2~4	12.67	7.66	1.23	5.73	23.15	16.87	2.09	5.89
	4~6	12.14	7.45	1.16	5.62	21.45	17.23	2.17	5.87
	6~8	11.76	6.98	1.21	5.47	21.76	16.57	2.34	6.02
	8~10	13.21	7.93	1.18	5.73	20.43	16.88	2.28	5.89
	10~12	12.53	7.68	1.16	5.54	20.17	16.12	2.09	5.73
	12~14	11.87	7.45	1.15	5.49	20.43	15.87	1.89	5.98
	14~16	11.23	7.58	1.13	5.63	20.04	16.24	1.96	6.13
	16~18	10.32	7.65	1.21	5.87	21.13	16.87	2.12	6.05
	18~20	10.32	7.23	1.09	5.79	20.65	16.89	2.01	6.11

耕作方式	深度/cm	弱结构土壤			强结构土壤
耕作方式	深度/cm	有效磷	速效钾	微生物生物量碳	有效磷	速效钾	微生物生物量碳
水耕	0~2	12.34	96	65	14.33	121	87
	2~4	11.43	89	68	15.43	124	89
	4~6	10.43	95	65	14.87	119	88
	6~8	12.21	88	63	13.65	125	85
	8~10	11.43	93	61	12.87	127	87
	10~12	10.54	87	54	14.23	119	84
	12~14	11.54	91	58	13.76	123	78
	14~16	9.78	87	61	12.54	122	79
	16~18	8.67	81	54	12.13	109	71
	18~20	8.98	83	46	12.65	117	73
旱耕	0~2	12.32	93	68	15.32	132	93
	2~4	13.43	87	65	14.65	127	89
	4~6	12.43	95	62	16.32	122	92
	6~8	13.65	89	61	14.56	137	91
	8~10	11.54	86	59	15.43	125	87
	10~12	12.43	78	65	14.43	118	84
	12~14	11.54	85	62	14.32	121	88
	14~16	12.43	89	65	14.66	125	85
	16~18	10.32	81	61	13.25	117	82
	18~20	9.66	75	63	13.87	112	84

耕作方式	深度/cm	弱结构土壤			强结构土壤
耕作方式	深度/cm	有效磷	速效钾	微生物生物量碳	有效磷	速效钾	微生物生物量碳
水耕	0~2	12.34	96	65	14.33	121	87
	2~4	11.43	89	68	15.43	124	89
	4~6	10.43	95	65	14.87	119	88
	6~8	12.21	88	63	13.65	125	85
	8~10	11.43	93	61	12.87	127	87
	10~12	10.54	87	54	14.23	119	84
	12~14	11.54	91	58	13.76	123	78
	14~16	9.78	87	61	12.54	122	79
	16~18	8.67	81	54	12.13	109	71
	18~20	8.98	83	46	12.65	117	73
旱耕	0~2	12.32	93	68	15.32	132	93
	2~4	13.43	87	65	14.65	127	89
	4~6	12.43	95	62	16.32	122	92
	6~8	13.65	89	61	14.56	137	91
	8~10	11.54	86	59	15.43	125	87
	10~12	12.43	78	65	14.43	118	84
	12~14	11.54	85	62	14.32	121	88
	14~16	12.43	89	65	14.66	125	85
	16~18	10.32	81	61	13.25	117	82
	18~20	9.66	75	63	13.87	112	84

耕作方式	深度/cm	弱结构土壤				强结构土壤
耕作方式	深度/cm	Cu	Zn	Cd	Pb	Cu	Zn	Cd	Pb
水耕	0~2	27.43	65.45	0.13	24.73	31.98	87.67	0.17	38.56
	2~4	28.33	71.43	0.15	27.65	32.45	89.56	0.15	37.54
	4~6	25.37	69.65	0.11	28.43	29.76	84.56	0.13	36.98
	6~8	26.79	74.65	0.12	24.73	34.58	82.76	0.16	41.23
	8~10	27.33	57.45	0.076	27.11	31.87	87.56	0.17	39.66
	10~12	24.43	63.98	0.059	21.48	30.76	85.48	0.18	36.65
	12~14	25.17	61.56	0.086	16.54	31.65	86.34	0.13	38.79
	14~16	22.68	51.35	0.065	18.65	28.56	82.47	0.17	39.54
	16~18	23.74	53.66	0.053	19.54	30.65	83.66	0.16	37.56
	18~20	24.32	54.54	0.067	18.78	32.87	84.35	0.18	35.76
旱耕	0~2	32.23	61.54	0.12	25.43	37.54	87.67	0.14	36.56
	2~4	34.66	63.45	0.10	27.43	34.27	90.23	0.11	41.23
	4~6	31.54	66.54	0.097	24.69	33.87	91.34	0.13	38.79
	6~8	3767	62.65	0.13	24.36	35.87	88.98	0.089	37.69
	8~10	32.47	64.58	0.11	23.76	36.43	86.59	0.11	38.76
	10~12	31.87	65.98	0.089	25.54	35.54	90.56	0.094	39.78
	12~14	34.25	60.47	0.13	24.76	33.48	87.67	0.12	40.12
	14~16	33.98	58.76	0.084	22.49	32.17	88.56	0.11	39.87
	16~18	36.54	55.59	0.11	25.23	36.54	87.45	0.12	37.68
	18~20	32.66	58.76	0.13	23.48	34.57	89.76	0.13	38.79