Effects of Different Winter Green Manure Crops on Paddy Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activity and Microbial Communities

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0843

Abstract

Abstract:

To screen out a suitable winter green manure rotation system for enhancing soil fertility, this study analyzed soil nutrients, enzyme activity and microbial quantities after winter green manure was incorporated in the paddy fields in Qingpu District, Shanghai. Three winter green manure cultivation treatments were set, including milk vetch (ZY), broad bean (CD) and rape (YC). The results showed that: (1) the effects of different green manure cultivation on soil pH, total nitrogen and total phosphorus levels were not significant. There was no significant difference in soil total potassium content between CD and ZY, but they were significantly higher than that in YC. The order of soil organic matter content was CD>YC>ZY; the content of soil available phosphorus under ZY was 12.60% and 28.70% higher than that under CD and YC, respectively, while YC treatment exhibited the highest level of available nitrogen and available potassium. (2) There was no significant difference in the activities of soil catalase and cellulase among all treatments. Soil urease activity under CD and YC were significantly higher than that under ZY, and soil sucrase activity under CD was 22.10% and 55.17% higher than that under ZY and YC, respectively. (3) The gene copy numbers of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomyces under CD were all the highest, which were significantly higher than those under ZY. (4) There were significant positive correlations between green manure yield and soil organic matter content, soil urease activity, soil fungal quantity, and soil actinomycete quantity. The strongest correlation was observed between green manure yield and soil urease activity (P<0.001). Rice yield exhibited significant positive correlations with soil organic matter content and soil actinomycete quantity (P<0.01). (5) A grey correlation analysis of 16 indicators determined that the order of weighted correlation degrees was CD>YC>ZY. Rice-broad bean rotation was the most effective winter green manure rotation system in Qingpu District of Shanghai.

Key words: winter green manure crops, soil nutrients, soil enzyme activity, soil microbial communities, grey correlation analysis

MA Xiao, LV Weiguang, CAI Wenqian, YU Ting, ZHANG Yue, ZHANG Haiyun, TANG Yonghua, DONG Yuexia, ZHANG Hanlin. Effects of Different Winter Green Manure Crops on Paddy Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activity and Microbial Communities[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(26): 46-52.

Figures/Tables 9

References 33

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目的基因	基因名称	引物序列	扩增条件	参考文献
细菌	341F	CCTAYGGGRBGCASCAG	预变性1× (95℃ 3 min)，后接40个循环（变性95℃ 15 s；退火57℃ 20 s；延伸72℃ 20 s）	[14]
细菌	806R	GGACTACNNGGGTATCTAAT		[14]
真菌	ITS1F	CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA	预变性1× (95℃ 3 s)，后接40个循环（变性95℃ 15 s；退火62℃ 20 s；延伸72℃ 20 s）	[15]
真菌	ITS2R	GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC	预变性1× (95℃ 3 s)，后接40个循环（变性95℃ 15 s；退火62℃ 20 s；延伸72℃ 20 s）	[15]
放线菌		TACGGCCGCAAGGCTA	预变性1× (95℃ 3 s)，后接40个循环（变性95℃ 15 s；退火62℃ 20 s；延伸72℃ 20 s）	[16]
放线菌	Act1200R	TCRTCCCCACCTTCCTCCG	预变性1× (95℃ 3 s)，后接40个循环（变性95℃ 15 s；退火62℃ 20 s；延伸72℃ 20 s）	[16]

目的基因	基因名称	引物序列	扩增条件	参考文献
细菌	341F	CCTAYGGGRBGCASCAG	预变性1× (95℃ 3 min)，后接40个循环（变性95℃ 15 s；退火57℃ 20 s；延伸72℃ 20 s）	[14]
细菌	806R	GGACTACNNGGGTATCTAAT		[14]
真菌	ITS1F	CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA	预变性1× (95℃ 3 s)，后接40个循环（变性95℃ 15 s；退火62℃ 20 s；延伸72℃ 20 s）	[15]
真菌	ITS2R	GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC	预变性1× (95℃ 3 s)，后接40个循环（变性95℃ 15 s；退火62℃ 20 s；延伸72℃ 20 s）	[15]
放线菌		TACGGCCGCAAGGCTA	预变性1× (95℃ 3 s)，后接40个循环（变性95℃ 15 s；退火62℃ 20 s；延伸72℃ 20 s）	[16]
放线菌	Act1200R	TCRTCCCCACCTTCCTCCG	预变性1× (95℃ 3 s)，后接40个循环（变性95℃ 15 s；退火62℃ 20 s；延伸72℃ 20 s）	[16]

品种	产量
品种	2021	2022	2023	3年均值
ZY	19936.50±309.59c	17666.63±509.96c	18789.75±725.77c	18797.63±1134.96c
CD	30369.38±472.64a	29037.75±131.90a	30376.88±175.61a	29928.00±770.99a
YC	26534.63±270.77b	23509.13±369.25b	26329.88±387.72b	25457.88±1690.77b

品种	产量
品种	2021	2022	2023	3年均值
ZY	19936.50±309.59c	17666.63±509.96c	18789.75±725.77c	18797.63±1134.96c
CD	30369.38±472.64a	29037.75±131.90a	30376.88±175.61a	29928.00±770.99a
YC	26534.63±270.77b	23509.13±369.25b	26329.88±387.72b	25457.88±1690.77b

处理	pH	全氮/(g/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	全钾/(g/kg)	速效氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	有效钾/(mg/kg)	有机质/(g/kg)
ZY	7.71±0.09a	1.31±0.18a	0.54±0.18a	14.81±0.26a	45.24±3.42b	13.05±0.98a	141.25±6.25b	22.82±4.15b
CD	7.73±0.05a	1.36±0.21a	0.52±0.10a	14.95±0.41a	51.09±4.19ab	11.59±0.97b	143.75±7.25ab	30.92±3.91a
YC	7.73±0.02a	1.31±0.21a	0.53±0.07a	13.50±1.51b	57.24±5.24a	10.14±1.25c	151.75±6.75a	25.57±1.79ab