Abstract:

Based on the observation data of apple phenological period in Zhaoyuan in 2023, as well as meteorological elements such as light, temperature and water during the four phenological periods of apple flowering, fruit setting, fruit expansion and ripening, the variation characteristics of monthly meteorological conditions and their effects on apple growth were analyzed. The results showed that meteorological conditions had more advantages than disadvantages to apple growth during the whole growth period. The temperature rose faster in spring, the phonology period was 10 d earlier than last year, the ripening and picking period was 12 d later than last year, and the whole growing period of apple was extended. Less precipitation in April was beneficial to apple pollination and increasing fruit setting rate. The temperature was higher, the accumulated temperature was more, and the light was sufficient, so the time of fruit expanding period was extended. Higher temperature, suitable light and less precipitation in the late growth period of apple are very beneficial to apple coloring, increasing sweetness and improving apple quality. The research results suggested the best meteorological conditions during apple growth, which provided strong meteorological science and technology support for rational use of favorable agricultural climate resources, assisting fruit farmers scientifically manage apple planting, seeking benefits and avoiding disadvantages, developing fruit production, improving apple quality and economic benefits, and providing scientific reference for characteristic meteorological services.

Key words: Zhaoyuan, apple, apple phenology, weather elements, agricultural climate resources, agro meteorological condition, growth stage, sweetness, quality