Effects of Excessive Nitrogen Application on the Growth and Development of Highland Barley in Tibet Valley Agricultural Area

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0111

Abstract

Abstract:

To find out the change and regulation mechanism of growth and development indexes of different highland barley varieties under excessive nitrogen application, providing scientific foundations for high-yield and high efficiency cultivation of highland barley in the Tibet river valley, five fertilization treatments were set in this study, including N₁ (70 kg/hm² of nitrogen, conventional nitrogen application treatment), N₂ (172.5 kg/hm² of nitrogen), N₃ (275 kg/hm² of nitrogen), N₄ (275 kg/hm² of nitrogen) and CK (0 kg/hm²of nitrogen), to compare and analyze the variations of plant height, tiller and spike rate, chlorophyll, grain filling, nitrogen utilization and yield of the highland barley varieties ‘Zangqing 3000’ and ‘6927’ under different nitrogen application levels. The results showed that there was no significant difference on the basic seedlings in different treatments, the variation of tillering rate increased first and then decreased. The tiller number of ‘6927’ was higher than that of ‘Zangqing 3000’ under the same treatment; the number of spike decreased with the increase of nitrogen application; the plant height increased first and then decreased or no significant difference in growth stage with the increasing of nitrogen application rate; the chlorophyll SPAD increased first and then kept stable or decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate; the chlorophyll SPAD of ‘Zangqing 3000’ was higher than that of ‘6927’ under the same treatment; nitrogen application could increase the grain weight significantly in each growth period, the grain weight increased significantly from 7 to 28 days after flowering date, reached the maximum value on 35^th days after flowering. The actual grain weight and theoretical maximum of thousand-grain weight of conventional nitrogen application were higher than that of other treatments. In this study, the maximum grouting rate (V_max) and average grouting rate (V_mean) of two highland barley varieties (lines) were in N₂ treatment; the yield of highland barley decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, and the yield of ‘Zangqing 3000’ was higher than that of ‘6927’under the same treatment; the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity decreased with the increasing of nitrogen application rate.

Key words: highland barley, Tibet, nitrogen, growth and development, yield

TAN Jianxin, TONG Jian, YUN Minzheng, JIANG Zhibing, LIANG Sha. Effects of Excessive Nitrogen Application on the Growth and Development of Highland Barley in Tibet Valley Agricultural Area[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(4): 6-13.

Figures/Tables 10

References 19

[1]	史继清, 甘臣龙, 周刊社, 等. 西藏青稞主要种植区干旱时空分布及致灾危险性评估[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(7):1098-1110.
[2]	尉元明, 朱丽霞, 康凤琴. 甘肃不同生态区化肥施用量对农业环境的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2004, 21(1):59-63.
[3]	付春平, 钟成华, 邓春光. 水体富营养化成因分析[J]. 重庆建筑大学学报, 2005, 27(1):128-131.
[4]	王小英. 陕西省养分资源利用时空变化特征研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2015.
[5]	SADEGHI H, BAHRANI M J. Effects of crop residue and nitrogen rates on yield and yield components of two dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars[J]. Plant production science, 2009, 12:497-502. doi: 10.1626/pps.12.497 URL
[6]	董文华. 施氮量对不同种植密度下冬小麦群体结构及产量的影响[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2017.
[7]	MULLEN R W, FREEMAN K W, RAUN W L, et al. Identifying an in season response index and the potential to increase wheat yield with nitrogen[J]. Agronomy journal, 2003, 95(2):347-351. doi: 10.2134/agronj2003.3470 URL
[8]	FERRISE R, TRIOSSI A, STRATONOVITCH P, et al. Sowing date and nitrogen fertilization effects on dry matter and nitrogen dynamics for durum wheat: An experimental and simulation study[J]. Field crops research, 2010, 117(2-3):245-257. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.03.010 URL
[9]	欧阳雪莹, 罗玉琴, 蒋桂英. 减氮配施有机肥对滴灌春小麦花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(6):987-997. doi: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.002
[10]	JONES D L, HEALEY J R, WILLETT V B, et al. Dissolved organic nitrogen uptake by plants: An important N uptake pathway[J]. Sol biology and biochemistry, 2005, 37(3):413-423.
[11]	FOIS S, MOTZO R, GIUNTA F. The effect of nitrogenous fertiliser application on leaf traits in durum wheat in relation to grain yield and development[J]. Field crops research, 2009, 110:69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2008.07.004 URL
[12]	王悦. 灌水和施氮对华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米产量和水氮利用的影响[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2021.
[13]	马瑞萍, 戴相林, 刘国一, 等. 施肥模式对青稞田土壤潜在固氮速率和自生固氮微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2021, 29(10):1692-1703.
[14]	李雪, 李荣荣, 侯亚红, 等. 氮肥施用对西藏青稞产量及氨挥发损失的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(8):1006-1014.
[15]	房琴, 王红光, 马伯威, 等. 密度和施氮量对超高产冬小麦群体质量和产量形成的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2015, 5(3):364-371.
[16]	张书萍, 赵海岩, 肖万欣, 等. 不同施氮量与种植密度对玉米叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J]. 分子植物育种, 2024.
[17]	马跃峰. 不同施氮量对黑青稞生理特性、养分吸收及产量的影响[D]. 拉萨: 西藏大学, 2021.
[18]	朱明霞, 靳玉龙, 白婷, 等. 不同施肥水平下春青稞籽粒灌浆特性[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2019, 47(22):72-76.
[19]	王宁. 灌水方式和施肥量对青贮玉米生长和水氮利用效率的影响[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2020.

品种	处理	基本苗/(万株/hm²)	最高茎蘖数/(万/hm²)	成穗数/(万/hm²)	分蘖率	分蘖成穗率
藏青3000	N₁	333.35±17.41a	740.04±38.65bcd	532.83±27.83b	2.22	0.72
	N₂	325.05±5.79a	796.38±14.17abc	541.54±9.64b	2.45	0.68
	N₃	327.57±23.40a	815.65±58.28ab	432.30±30.89cd	2.49	0.53
	N₄	336.46±10.44a	817.60±25.37abc	408.80±12.68d	2.43	0.50
	CK	323.13±5.59a	665.64±11.51d	432.67±7.48cd	2.06	0.65
6927	N₁	332.91±12.33a	792.32±29.35abc	647.43±30.93a	2.38	0.82
	N₂	331.08±5.48a	867.41±14.35a	631.12±12.41a	2.62	0.73
	N₃	332.02±14.73a	883.16±39.18a	518.76±37.06b	2.66	0.59
	N₄	325.35±11.93a	845.91±31.00ab	490.56±15.22bc	2.60	0.58
	CK	323.13±22.91a	710.88±50.40cd	519.20±8.98b	2.20	0.73

品种	处理	基本苗/(万株/hm²)	最高茎蘖数/(万/hm²)	成穗数/(万/hm²)	分蘖率	分蘖成穗率
藏青3000	N₁	333.35±17.41a	740.04±38.65bcd	532.83±27.83b	2.22	0.72
	N₂	325.05±5.79a	796.38±14.17abc	541.54±9.64b	2.45	0.68
	N₃	327.57±23.40a	815.65±58.28ab	432.30±30.89cd	2.49	0.53
	N₄	336.46±10.44a	817.60±25.37abc	408.80±12.68d	2.43	0.50
	CK	323.13±5.59a	665.64±11.51d	432.67±7.48cd	2.06	0.65
6927	N₁	332.91±12.33a	792.32±29.35abc	647.43±30.93a	2.38	0.82
	N₂	331.08±5.48a	867.41±14.35a	631.12±12.41a	2.62	0.73
	N₃	332.02±14.73a	883.16±39.18a	518.76±37.06b	2.66	0.59
	N₄	325.35±11.93a	845.91±31.00ab	490.56±15.22bc	2.60	0.58
	CK	323.13±22.91a	710.88±50.40cd	519.20±8.98b	2.20	0.73

品种	处理	拟合方程	R²	t₁/d	t₂/d	(t₂-t₁)/d	T_max/d	V_mean/(g/d)	V_max/(g/d)
藏青3000	N₁	y=53.263/(1+28.02e^-0.168^t)	0.985^**	12	27.68	15.68	19.84	1.49	2.24
	N₂	y=46.991/(1+41.049e^-0.21^t)	0.997^**	11.42	23.96	12.54	17.69	1.64	2.47
	N₃	y=47.47/(1+20.433e^-0.185^t)	1.000^**	9.19	23.43	14.24	16.31	1.46	2.20
	N₄	y=44.833/(1+15.445e^-0.165^t)	0.995^**	8.61	24.57	15.96	16.59	1.23	2.24
	CK	y=40.877/(1+57.268e^-0.205^t)	0.999^**	13.32	26.17	12.85	19.75	1.40	2.09
6927	N₁	y =37.675/(1+24.471e^-0.169^t)	0.997^**	10.76	24.41	13.65	17.58	1.09	1.64
	N₂	y=33.446/(1+118.778e^-0.258^t)	0.966^**	13.41	23.62	10.21	18.52	1.44	2.16
	N₃	y=33.196/(1+41.279e^-0.2^t)	0.993^**	12.02	25.19	13.17	18.6	1.11	1.66
	N₄	y=32.578/(1+84.948e^-0.234^t)	0.999^**	13.35	24.61	11.26	18.98	1.27	1.91
	CK	y=30.828/(1+51.075e^-0.192^t)	0.983^**	13.63	27.35	13.72	20.49	0.99	1.48

品种	处理	拟合方程	R²	t₁/d	t₂/d	(t₂-t₁)/d	T_max/d	V_mean/(g/d)	V_max/(g/d)
藏青3000	N₁	y=53.263/(1+28.02e^-0.168^t)	0.985^**	12	27.68	15.68	19.84	1.49	2.24
	N₂	y=46.991/(1+41.049e^-0.21^t)	0.997^**	11.42	23.96	12.54	17.69	1.64	2.47
	N₃	y=47.47/(1+20.433e^-0.185^t)	1.000^**	9.19	23.43	14.24	16.31	1.46	2.20
	N₄	y=44.833/(1+15.445e^-0.165^t)	0.995^**	8.61	24.57	15.96	16.59	1.23	2.24
	CK	y=40.877/(1+57.268e^-0.205^t)	0.999^**	13.32	26.17	12.85	19.75	1.40	2.09
6927	N₁	y =37.675/(1+24.471e^-0.169^t)	0.997^**	10.76	24.41	13.65	17.58	1.09	1.64
	N₂	y=33.446/(1+118.778e^-0.258^t)	0.966^**	13.41	23.62	10.21	18.52	1.44	2.16
	N₃	y=33.196/(1+41.279e^-0.2^t)	0.993^**	12.02	25.19	13.17	18.6	1.11	1.66
	N₄	y=32.578/(1+84.948e^-0.234^t)	0.999^**	13.35	24.61	11.26	18.98	1.27	1.91
	CK	y=30.828/(1+51.075e^-0.192^t)	0.983^**	13.63	27.35	13.72	20.49	0.99	1.48

	千粒重	平均灌浆速率	最大灌浆速率
千粒重	1
平均灌浆速率	0.675^*	1
最大灌浆速率	0.747^*	0.9236^**	1