Current issue

• 2024 Vol.40 No.4 Published:05 February 2024

  Effect of Dense Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Dwarf and Compact Hybrid Waxy Sorghum LIU Tianpeng, YANG Kai, CHEN Lin, LONG Wenjing, DENG Hao, SUN Yuantao, XIANG Jianyu, NI Xianlin 2024, 40 (4):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0122 Abstract + ( 171 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1073KB )   ( 42 ) To study the effects of planting density and nitrogen application on yield and quality of dwarf compact hybrid glutinous sorghum, the split-crack zone design was adopted in the experiment, and the main zone was sorghum variety. Two treatments were set, which were ‘Jinnuoliang No.1’ and ‘Munnuoliang No.1’. The split area was the planting density, and the planting density was divided into 4 treatments, which were 120000, 135000, 150000 and 165000 plants/hm2; the splitting zone was nitrogen application rate, and nitrogen application rate was divided into three treatments, which were 75, 120 and 165 kg/hm2. The grain yield, related characters and quality indexes were examined and analyzed at harvest time. The results showed that: variety, density and nitrogen application had significant effects on grain yield and main quality. With the increase of planting density, the effect of increasing nitrogen application rate on yield decreased gradually. Appropriately increasing planting density of dwarf compact hybrid glutinous sorghum could be employed as an effective way to reduce nitrogen application. Densification and nitrogen reduction can also effectively improve the crude starch and tannin quality of sorghum.

  Effects of Excessive Nitrogen Application on the Growth and Development of Highland Barley in Tibet Valley Agricultural Area TAN Jianxin, TONG Jian, YUN Minzheng, JIANG Zhibing, LIANG Sha 2024, 40 (4):  6-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0111 Abstract + ( 126 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1417KB )   ( 390 ) To find out the change and regulation mechanism of growth and development indexes of different highland barley varieties under excessive nitrogen application, providing scientific foundations for high-yield and high efficiency cultivation of highland barley in the Tibet river valley, five fertilization treatments were set in this study, including N1 (70 kg/hm2 of nitrogen, conventional nitrogen application treatment), N2 (172.5 kg/hm2 of nitrogen), N3 (275 kg/hm2 of nitrogen), N4 (275 kg/hm2 of nitrogen) and CK (0 kg/hm2 of nitrogen), to compare and analyze the variations of plant height, tiller and spike rate, chlorophyll, grain filling, nitrogen utilization and yield of the highland barley varieties ‘Zangqing 3000’ and ‘6927’ under different nitrogen application levels. The results showed that there was no significant difference on the basic seedlings in different treatments, the variation of tillering rate increased first and then decreased. The tiller number of ‘6927’ was higher than that of ‘Zangqing 3000’ under the same treatment; the number of spike decreased with the increase of nitrogen application; the plant height increased first and then decreased or no significant difference in growth stage with the increasing of nitrogen application rate; the chlorophyll SPAD increased first and then kept stable or decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate; the chlorophyll SPAD of ‘Zangqing 3000’ was higher than that of ‘6927’ under the same treatment; nitrogen application could increase the grain weight significantly in each growth period, the grain weight increased significantly from 7 to 28 days after flowering date, reached the maximum value on 35th days after flowering. The actual grain weight and theoretical maximum of thousand-grain weight of conventional nitrogen application were higher than that of other treatments. In this study, the maximum grouting rate (Vmax) and average grouting rate (Vmean) of two highland barley varieties (lines) were in N2 treatment; the yield of highland barley decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, and the yield of ‘Zangqing 3000’ was higher than that of ‘6927’under the same treatment; the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity decreased with the increasing of nitrogen application rate.

  Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Main Agronomic Characters of New Strains of Flax GUO Na, MA Jianfu, GUO Yingjie, LI Airong, LIU Dong, ZHANG Lili, HU Yang, LI Feng 2024, 40 (4):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0226 Abstract + ( 151 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1256KB )   ( 84 ) The paper aims to understand the diversity of flax germplasm resources, make full use of its beneficial genes and improve flax breeding efficiency. The main agronomic characters of 12 flax materials introduced from 8 domestic breeding units were analyzed and evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that the variation coefficient of agronomic characters ranged from 18.4% to 63.13%, and the difference between the tested materials was obvious. Correlation and grey correlation analysis showed that branch number and plant height were the most important factors affecting the yield. The main agronomic characters were grouped into three main components by principal component analysis, which were branch number factor, process length factor and single fruit number factor. Path analysis showed that increasing the number of branches and grain weight per plant could effectively increase the yield. When the Euclidean distance was 4.02, the 12 test materials were divided into three groups by cluster analysis, and main characteristics of the third group were the highest plant height and process length, the largest number of branching stems, the highest grain weight per plant and yield, and the best comprehensive performance.

  Effects of Zinc on the Active Oxygen Metabolism, Senescence and Yield of Peanut LI Haidong, JI Congcong, XU Yiping, KANG Tao, CHEN Jiansheng, ZHANG Yanyan, ZHANG Ling, LI Wenjin 2024, 40 (4):  20-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0117 Abstract + ( 144 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1338KB )   ( 70 ) To explore the regulatory mechanism of zinc fertilizer on active oxygen metabolism and senescence of peanut leaves, through field and indoor experiments, the effects of zinc fertilizer (ZnSO4·7H2O) application on senescence related parameters and yield of peanut during growth were studied. The results showed that with the increase of zinc application, the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, nitrate reductase activity, catalase activity and yield showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the photorespiration rate, Mehler reaction and malondialdehyde content showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Proper application of zinc fertilizer can not only promote the removal of active oxygen, but also inhibit the production of active oxygen. Zinc fertilizer regulates peanut senescence through production and elimination of active oxygen.

  Effect of Light Conversion Film on Seedling Growth and Nutrient Accumulation of ‘CB-1’ Cultivar Tobacco WEI Jianyu, GUO Zhihong, LIANG Guiguang, HUANG Chongjun, JIN Yabo, JIA Haijiang, ZHANG Jili, LI Li, FENG Yejun, CHEN Zhengyu, YE Xiangqing, ZHONG Fuyu, MA Xinghua, ZHAO Chengkun, ZHOU Zhaofeng 2024, 40 (4):  26-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0086 Abstract + ( 127 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1408KB )   ( 31 ) An experiment was carried out to explore the application effect of light conversion film on tobacco seedling cultivation of ‘CB-1’ cultivar in Nanping tobacco area. Two different films, ordinary polyethylene film and light conversion film, were used to study the effects of light conversion film on light, temperature, tobacco seedling growth, and nutrient accumulation in the seedling cultivation greenhouse. The results showed that the light conversion film could adjust the light and temperature in the seedling shed. The photosynthetic effective radiant intensity and light transmittance in the seedling shed treated with light conversion film at 13:00 and 14:00 were lower than those of ordinary film, while the photosynthetic effective radiant intensity and light transmittance at 15:00 and 16:00 were higher than those of ordinary film. The temperature in the daytime (8:00-16:00) of the seedling shed treated with light conversion film was lower than that of the ordinary film treatment, and higher than that of the ordinary film treatment at other times. Light conversion film promoted the growth of tobacco plants. Compared with ordinary film treatment, the total root length, root surface area, root volume, number of branches, as well as root dry weight and total dry weight of the light conversion film treatment were significantly higher than those of ordinary film treatment. The light conversion film significantly affected the absorption and accumulation of nutrients. The nitrogen content in the aboveground, calcium content in the underground, phosphorus content and copper content in the whole plant of tobacco seedlings treated with light conversion film were significantly higher than those treated with ordinary film, while the calcium and magnesium content in the aboveground were lower than those treated with ordinary film. The treatment of light conversion film promoted the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in ‘CB-1’. In conclusion, the light conversion film promotes the growth and nutrient absorption of ‘CB-1’ by regulating the light intensity and temperature inside the seedling shed, and increases the accumulation of dry matter and nutrients in tobacco seedlings.

  Adaptability Analysis of ‘Zhusha 2’ and ‘NC297’ in Chuxiong Tobacco Area ZHANG Liying, LIU Yuxuan, LIN Yunhong, XIONG Qian, XU Wei, DUAN Jiyou, XI Jiaxin, ZHOU Peng, DU Yu, BAI Yuxiang, WANG Ge, WANG Na 2024, 40 (4):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0070 Abstract + ( 140 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1304KB )   ( 61 ) To deal with the problems of single flue-cured tobacco variety and adaptive degradation in Chuxiong tobacco region of Yunnan Province, Menghu Township of Yongren County of Chuxiong Prefecture were selected as the experimental sites for the adaptability analysis of ‘Zhusha 2’ and ‘NC297’ flue-cured tobacco varieties. ‘K326’ was used as the control to conduct variety comparison test, and the agronomic characters, photosynthetic characteristics, disease occurrence, economic properties, chemical composition and other indicators of different flue-cured tobacco varieties were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that compared with ‘K326’, the field growth period of ‘NC297’ was 2 days longer and that of ‘Zhusha 2’ was 3 days shorter; ‘Zhusha 2’ had the best agronomic character. The photosynthetic index of ‘Zhusha 2’ was better, and its net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were 7.25 μmol/(m2·s), 0.19 mol/(m2·s) and 1.88 mmol/(m2·s) higher than those of ‘K326’, respectively. In terms of disease, the field natural incidence rate of ‘Zhusha 2’ and ‘NC297’ was lower than that of ‘K326’. The raw tobacco color of ‘Zhusha 2’ showed a unique color of cinnabar. Compared with ‘K326’, ‘Zhusha 2’ had sufficient oil content, an increase of 2473.5 yuan/hm2 in output value, and an increase of 1.7% in the proportion of medium and high grade smoke, showing the best appearance quality and economic properties of the raw tobacco as a whole. The chemical composition coordination of ‘Zhusha 2’ and ‘NC297’ was better than ‘K326’, among which ‘Zhusha 2’ was the best overall. Under the test conditions, ‘Zhusha 2’ has the strongest ecological adaptability and better quality characteristics, and has the potential to be popularized in Chuxiong tobacco area.

  Effects of Extreme High Temperature and Drought on Growth and Fruit Characters of ‘Changlin’ Series of Camellia oleifera in Southeast of Chongqing ZENG Qingping, YAN Qiao, LI Bin, LI Guo, GENG Yanghui, WU Nian, CHEN Anmin, PENG Chuan, ZHOU Fei, LOU Lihua 2024, 40 (4):  39-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0095 Abstract + ( 128 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1335KB )   ( 144 ) The effects of composite factors of extreme high temperature and drought on the growth and fruit characters of Camellia oleifera ‘Changlin 3’, C. oleifera ‘Changlin 4’, C. oleifera ‘Changlin 40’ and C. oleifera ‘Changlin 53’ in southeastern Chongqing were investigated in 2022, which provided a theoretical basis for the selection and promotion of ‘Changlin’ series of C. oleifera. The results showed that high temperature and drought influenced the growth of C. oleifera, inhibited the longitudinal and transverse diameter growth of the fruit of C. oleifera, reduced the fresh seed yield, and decreased the weight and yield per plant of the fruit. Under the influence of high temperature and drought, C. oleifera ‘Changlin 53’ had the best drought resistance and the best performance of fruit economic traits (single fruit weight, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, seed weight, fresh seed yield and fresh fruit yield per plant); C. oleifera ‘Changlin 3’ had the strongest drought resistance and the largest number of fruit tea seeds. In conclusion, C. oleifera ‘Changlin 53’ has good growth and character performance and outstanding ability to resist high temperature and drought stress under the condition of large climate variation, which can be cultivated and promoted as an excellent variety.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Light and Simplified Cultivation of Camellia oleifera Based on DTOPSIS Method CHENG Yiming, WEI Zhenyu, DU Yangwen, LIU Wenjing, LI Jifan, PAN Dongmei, YU Tian, LIU Huimin, SHU Changqing, CHENG Junyong 2024, 40 (4):  45-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0099 Abstract + ( 129 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2240KB )   ( 70 ) The paper aims to solve the problem of time-consuming and laborious picking of Camellia oleifera. In this paper, 15 main C. oleifera varieties in Hubei Province were selected as the research objects, and 12 characters (fresh weight per fruit, dried fruit seed yield, dry seed kernel rate, seed kernel oil content, density of branches and leaves, tree shape index, average fruit yield per plant, average disease level, average drought damage level, proportion of the fruit outside of crown, proportion of red fruit, picking efficiency) were selected which related to light and simplified cultivation as evaluation indexes. DTOPSIS analysis method was used to evaluate the suitability for light and simplified cultivation of 15 main C. oleifera varieties in Hubei Province. The evaluation values of the light and simplified cultivation suitability of the varieties were in descending order: ‘Changlin 53’ (C>0.6); ‘Changlin 3’, ‘Changlin 40’, ‘Changlin 4’ (0.5<C<0.6); ‘Huashuo’, ‘Huaxin’, ‘Huajin’ (0.4<C<0.5); ‘Changlin 23’, ‘Eyou 102’, ‘Eyou 63’, ‘Changlin 18’, ‘Eyou 465’, ‘Eyou 81’, ‘Eyou 151’, ‘Eyou 54’ (C<0.4). Euclidean distance was used to systematically cluster the DTOPSIS evaluation values.When the inter-class distance was 15, 15 varieties could be clustered into 3 categories, that were the 3 light and simplified cultivation suitability grades. The first 2 grades included ‘Changlin 53’, ‘Changlin 3’, ‘Changlin 40’, ‘Changlin 4’, ‘Huashuo’, ‘Huaxin’ and ‘Huajin’. The evaluation results are basically in line with the planting status of C. oleifera in Hubei Province, and can also provide reference for subsequent afforestation and variety breeding of C. oleifera.

  Comparative Study on the Anatomical Structure of Leaves and Stems in Three Sanguisorba Plants WANG Meiyan, XIE Shasha, LIAO Hui, JIANG Xinqiang 2024, 40 (4):  55-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0103 Abstract + ( 123 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2064KB )   ( 378 ) In order to fully reveal the adaptability of different Sanguisorba plants to the environment, leaves and stems of S. officinalis, S. tenuifolia and S. applanata were comparatively analyzed by paraffin sectioning methods. The results indicated that the leaf morphology of these three Sanguisorba plants showed identity and difference, and their microstructure showed typical characteristics of dicotyledon which upper epidermal cells were larger than the lower epidermal cells. Compared with S. officinalis, S. tenuifolia and S. applanata had significant differences in the thickness of leaf vein, palisade tissue, but there was no significant difference in the length of vascular bundle, the thickness of upper cuticle, lower cuticle and lower epidermal cells. The stem anatomical structure showed that the number of vascular bundle of S. officinalis was more than that of S. tenuifolia and S. applanata, and the area of vascular bundle was shown as S. applanata> S. tenuifolia> S. officinalis. The above results clarified the biological characteristics of Sanguisorba plants, which could provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation and efficient development and utilization of Sanguisorba plants.

  Analysis of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Six Kiwifruit Varieties DONG Lijuan, SUN Yangyang, ZHANG Jiliang, ZHANG Chunxiang 2024, 40 (4):  61-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0125 Abstract + ( 132 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1375KB )   ( 353 ) In order to provide a reference basis for screening excellent kiwifruit varieties, two local main varieties and four introduced varieties in Tai’an city were used as experimental materials to measure the physiological indexes related to leaves. The diurnal variation of photosynthesis and photosynthetic light response (Pn-PAR) of six kiwifruit varieties were measured using portable photosynthesis measurement system, and the correlation between net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) was analyzed. The results showed that ‘Xuxiang’ had the highest light adaptation range, its apparent photosynthetic quantum yield was 0.067, and the light saturation point was 1632 μmol/(m2·s), the difference between light saturation point and light compensation point was 1600 μmol/(m2·s). The maximum net photosynthetic rate of ‘Taishan No.1’ was 18.45 μmol/(m2·s), the highest light use efficiency was 1.26%, which was the highest among the six kiwifruit varieties. According to comprehensive analysis, ‘Xuxiang’ and ‘Taishan No.1’ had the best photosynthetic characteristics. Correlation analysis was conducted with net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration as variables. It was found that stomatal conductance and transpiration rate had a significant positive correlation with net photosynthetic rate of kiwifruit, while intercellular CO2 concentration and net photosynthetic rate had a significant negative correlation.

  Effects of Planting Environment and Density on Growth, Yield and Quality of Fruit Radish GE Wanqing, FENG Di, ZHANG Jinlei, SUN Xiao’an, WANG Zhihe, ZHU Haiyan 2024, 40 (4):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0077 Abstract + ( 320 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1304KB )   ( 236 ) In order to explore the suitable planting environment and density of fruit radish, this study took fruit radish as the test object, and considered two factors of planting environment and planting density. Under the maximum recommended planting density of 111110 plants/hm2, three planting environments, thick earth wall solar greenhouse, arch shed and open field, were marked as R1, G1 and L1, respectively. Three planting densities of 111110, 55555 and 27777 plants/hm2 were set under open-air planting conditions, which were marked as L1, L2 and L3, respectively. The growth, yield and quality of fruit radish were investigated. The results showed that under different planting environments, compared with L1, the leaf area, leaf fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, yield and soluble sugar content of R1 and G1 treatments increased, while the contents of soluble solids and vitamin C decreased. The root fresh and dry weight, yield and soluble sugar content of G1 treatment were the highest, which were 924 g, 28.8 g, 102.67 t/hm2 and 3.34%, respectively, and increased by 52.98%, 43.95%, 52.99% and 16.38%, respectively, compared with L1. Under open-air planting conditions, with the increase of planting density, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves, yield and soluble sugar content increased first and then decreased, vitamin C decreased, and soluble solids content decreased first and then increased. The yield and soluble sugar content of L2 treatment were the highest, which were 93.55 t/hm2 and 3.64%, respectively. The yield were 39.4% and 99.04% higher than those of L1 and L3 treatment, respectively, and soluble sugar content increased by 26.83% and 7.06%, respectively. In summary, the fruit green radish grows best under the arch shed planting, and the suitable field planting density is 55555 plants/hm2.

  Effect of Magnesium Fertilizer Dosage on Yield, Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Four Leafy Vegetables LIN Haiqing, LI Jing, LI Jiawei, WANG Jiahui, JIAO Jiabin, CHANG Jingjing, CHEN Xiao, ZHANG Baige, SONG Zhao 2024, 40 (4):  74-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0112 Abstract + ( 133 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 627 ) This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different Mg fertilizer dosages on yield, quality and nutrient uptake and utilization of different leafy vegetables, and to provide a scientific fertilization scheme for leafy vegetable quality production. Four different leafy vegetable varieties (Shuidong mustard, Lvtian mustard, Zengcheng Chinese flowering cabbage and ‘Yuetai No.1’ Chinese flowering cabbage) were used as test materials, and five different Mg fertilizer treatments were set up, including 0 kg/hm2 (CK), 30 kg/hm2 (Mg1), 60 kg/hm2 (Mg2), 90 kg/hm2 (Mg3) and 120 kg/hm2 (Mg4). The effects of Mg application on yield, quality, value of output gains, and nutrient uptake and utilization of four leafy vegetable varieties were analyzed. Based on the yield and quality characteristics of vegetables, the Mg1 treatment of Shuidong mustard, the Mg4 treatment of Lvtian mustard, the Mg4 treatment of Zengcheng Chinese flowering cabbage and the Mg3 treatment of ‘Yuetai No.1’ Chinese flowering cabbage achived the best yield and quality improvement effects in this trial. Compared with CK, the yield of Shuidong mustard increased by 36.8%, revenue by 47.1%, soluble sugar content by 54.9%, vitamin C content by 18.5%, magnesium content by 0.1%, and P uptake by 182.7% in the Mg1 treatment; the yield of Lvtian mustard increased by 43.4%, revenue by 44.5%, soluble sugar content by 105.6%, N uptake by 29.6% and K uptake by 117.8%. Zengcheng Chinese flowering cabbage increased yield by 79.3%, revenue by 95.3%, Mg content by 0.2%, N uptake by 90.0% and K uptake by 167.2% under the Mg4 treatment; ‘Yuetai No.1’ Chinese flowering cabbage increased yield by 56.1%, revenue by 64.1%, vitamin C content by 16.7%, Cellulose content by 39.0% and N, P, K uptake by 75.7%, 58.9% and 66.2%, respectively. In summary, magnesium application can increase the yield of leafy vegetables, improve vegetable quality, enhance nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency, and increase income. Therefore, in the actual production of leafy vegetables, magnesium fertilizer should be applied appropriately to achieve a high yield and quality and green production of vegetables.

  Effects of Four Functional Fertilizers on Growth and Quality of Flowering Chinese Cabbage HUANG Wenyin, LI Jiawei, SONG Zhao, CHANG Jingjing, CHEN Xiao, LI Jing, JIAO Jiabin, ZHANG Baige 2024, 40 (4):  83-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0090 Abstract + ( 561 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 3356KB )   ( 372 ) To screen the functional fertilizers suitable for the cultivation of flowering Chinese cabbage, this study explored the effects of four different types of functional fertilizers on the growth and quality of flowering Chinese cabbage. These fertilizers included PSO4 fermentation broth (PSO4), corn extract (CE), hydrolyzed feather powder (HFP), and inositol powder (IN). The results showed that an appropriate amount of four functional fertilizers could significantly increase the yield of flowering Chinese cabbage, with an order of increasing rate of IN>HFP>PSO4>CE. The HFP and IN promoted the lateral growth of flowering Chinese cabbage roots. PSO4 solution promoted the longitudinal growth of the root and significantly increased the contents of soluble solids, soluble sugar, and vitamin C, thus improving the quality of flowering Chinese cabbage. In flowering Chinese cabbage cultivation, the optimum concentration of PSO4 and CE is 300 times diluted, the optimum concentration of HFP is 0.05%, and the optimum concentration of IN is 0.1%. These research results provide a theoretical basis for the application of these four functional fertilizers in the production and quality cultivation of flowering Chinese cabbage.

  Research Progress on Factors Influencing Synthesis and Accumulation of Polygonatum odoratum Polysaccharides WANG Qiujiao, ZHU Chunxiao, LI Zhaoying, YAN Bei, HU Zhenghui, SONG Rong 2024, 40 (4):  91-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0044 Abstract + ( 140 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1024KB )   ( 191 ) Taking the main component index of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as the starting point, this paper summarized the effects of polysaccharide synthesis and accumulation from the perspectives of polysaccharide synthesis and accumulation approaches and germplasm, cultivation, processing and other methods, with a view to providing a reference for the creation, ecological cultivation, processing, development and utilization of new germplasm of P. odoratum. Through summary and analysis, it was found that the transformation and accumulation of P. odoratum polysaccharide were significantly affected by the provenance and strains of P. odoratum, as well as the ground cover and fertilization during the cultivation process. The harvest year, different harvest periods in the same year and the initial processing technology in different places after harvest also had significant effects on the polysaccharide content of P. odoratum. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly regulate the origin and strains of P. odoratum, and plant, harvest and process P. odoratum according to standardized technical procedures to ensure the output and quality of P. odoratum.

  Genetic Relationship Analysis of Wild Actinidia Germplasm Resources in Yunnan Based on SSR WANG Lianrun, WAN Hong, TAO Pang, CHEN Xia, LI Kunming, SHA Yucang, DING Renzhan 2024, 40 (4):  98-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0139 Abstract + ( 121 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1397KB )   ( 49 ) In order to explore the genetic relationship of Actinidia germplasm resources in Yunnan, the genetic relationship of 70 wild Actinidia germplasm resources in Yunnan was analyzed by SSR molecular marker method. The results of UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the 70 Actinidia germplasm resources could be divided into four groups at the genetic similarity coefficient level of 0.17. Group I consisted of 6 materials, including A. indochinensis MLP001 and MLP010 from Malipo in southeastern Yunnan, A. indochinensis TSH-1 and TSH-4 from Xichou in southeastern Yunnan, A. indochinensis PB001 and PB005 from Pingbian in southern Yunnan. Group II consisted of 31 materials, including 18 materials from northeastern Yunnan, 3 A. arguta var. purpurea TC-8, TC-1 and TC-10 from northwestern Yunnan, and 5 A. pilosula CJ-11, CJ-13, CJ-7, CJ-3 and CJ-2 from Gongshan. Group III consisted of 14 materials, 10 A. deliciosa and A. chinensis series from northeastern Yunnan, JZS-5, JZS-9 and JZS-7 from eastern Yunnan, and A. fulvicoma XPS-1 from Xichou in southeastern Yunnan. Group IV consisted of 19 materials, 16 from northeastern Yunnan, A. callosa var. henryi XCFD-1 from from Xichou in southeastern Yunnan, and A. rubricaulis var. coriacea XCFD-3 from Xichou in southeastern Yunnan. These fruits are hairless and smaller, and have a mottled skin. They have a distant relationship with other groups. The SSR molecular markers reflected the genetic relationship among the 70 germplasm resources of Actinidia in Yunnan, and some of them form obvious and regular clustering relationships according to species, resource distribution and morphological characteristics.

  Characteristics of Maize Yield and Fertilizer Efficiency in Yellow River Delta Based on Meta Analysis LIANG Haibo, LI Shengdong, LIU Fenghua, CAO Yongchang, WANG Xiangling, XU Yan 2024, 40 (4):  103-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0119 Abstract + ( 125 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1713KB )   ( 386 ) To clarify yield distribution and fertilization effect of maize in the Yellow River Delta, this study analyzed 143 sets of data of maize filed experiments in different sector areas from 2010 to 2020, in which yield distribution, fertilizer use efficiency, yield gap contribution efficiency, relative yield, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were analyzed. The results showed that with an average yield of 6.81 t/hm2, maize yield varied greatly from 2.63 to 9.52 t/hm2 in different sector areas. The maize yield in the second sector was significantly lower than that in the first and third sectors. Applying nitrogen fertilizer increased maize yield by 40.88%, while phosphorus fertilizer by 8.49% and potassium fertilizer by 2.18%. Based on the model simulation of Boundary line, the yield gap was 3.01 t/hm2, and the gap of high yield records was 2.49 t/hm2. The yield gap contribution efficiency of nitrogen was the largest, followed by phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. The relative yields of N, P and K fertilizer were 0.76, 0.99 and 1.05, respectively. The agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer were 8.64 and 33.78 kg/kg, while 2.85 and 86.12 kg/kg for phosphorus fertilizer, and 17.97 kg/kg and 148.01 kg/kg for potassium fertilizer. Nitrogen was the first limit factor of maize yield, which had a good effect on yield increasing, followed by phosphorus and potassium. Reducing nitrogen input and improving soil in the Yellow River Delta were effective measurements to decrease yield gap of maize, which will be helpful for increasing yield and saving fertilizer.

  Evaluation of Climatic Suitability of Fenghuang Dancong Tea Growth and Climatic Quality in Chaozhou ZHANG Xiaorui, MIN Qingwen, TAN Kaiyan 2024, 40 (4):  111-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0076 Abstract + ( 132 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1184KB )   ( 53 ) The paper aims to explore the climatic advantages of growing Fenghuang Dancong tea in Chaozhou. The Fenghuang Dancong was taken as the research object, based on the climate observation data of Chaozhou station and Raoping station from 1991 to 2020, used the observed values of air temperature, humidity, precipitation and other elements of automatic meteorological observation stations at different heights in the region during 2019-2021 and the variation law of meteorological elements in hills and mountains in south China, the changes of climate mean values of meteorological elements with altitude were calculated. The Cauchy distribution model was applied to interpret the influence of climate elements on tea trees, the fuzzy mathematics method was used to calculate the climatic suitability of tea trees at different altitudes, and the climatic quality evaluation method was used to evaluate the tea leaf at different altitudes and in different picking seasons. The results showed that the overall comprehensive suitability of Fenghuang Dancong tea planting area was relatively high which demonstrates the region was very suitable for growing tea trees, especially in the layer from 300 meters to 900 meters above sea level.. The climatic quality of Fenghuang Dancong tea in different picking seasons was ranked as spring 1 tea, spring 2 tea, autumn tea and summer tea. At the same time, the quality of middle and high mountain tea leave is better than that of low mountain and flat land tea leave. This study reveals the climatic advantages of Fenghuang Dancong tea planting and the climatic background of the tea quality which provide the scientific base for the conservation and sustainable development of the China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems.

  Characteristics of Soil Temperature Variation in Jiangxi Province and Its Relationship with Meteorological Elements CAI Zhe, DUAN Licheng, GUO Ruige, LIU Dongmei 2024, 40 (4):  118-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0718 Abstract + ( 140 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1326KB )   ( 413 ) Understanding the influencing factors, depth variation, seasonal variation and regional differences of soil temperature in Jiangxi Province can provide research basis for soil physical and chemical properties, soil biological distribution, growth and development. It provides scientific reference for agricultural planting and ecological construction. Based on the monthly average data of soil temperature, air temperature, precipitation, sunshine and relative humidity in each layer of ground meteorological data from 2005 to 2020, this study analyzed the seasonal variation of soil temperature in each layer of Jiangxi Province, the relationship between soil temperature and depth and its regional difference characteristics, and summarized the influence of various meteorological elements on soil temperature in each layer. The results showed that the seasonal variation of soil temperature in different layers in Jiangxi Province was very obvious. The hysteresis of soil temperature change became more obvious with the increase of soil depth. In spring and summer, the soil temperature decreased with the increase of soil depth, but the temperature variation decreased. Soil temperature increased with soil depth in autumn and winter, and the temperature changed greatly. The seasonal variation of soil temperature was different among different regions, and there was a quadratic linear relationship between soil temperature and depth. There were obvious differences in the correlation between soil temperature and meteorological elements in different regions. Single meteorological element had little influence on soil temperature and temperature, while the interaction of multiple meteorological elements had more obvious influence on soil temperature.

  Identification and Evaluation of Resistance of Flue-Cured Tobacco with Different Genotypes to Fusarium Root Rot LI Xuejun, GUO Jing, SUN Jiping, SUN Huan, LI Fangfang, PING Wenli, LI Jianhua, ZU Huanxin, LI Xuhui, HOU Yong, GENG Shengna 2024, 40 (4):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0107 Abstract + ( 127 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2792KB )   ( 95 ) In order to clarify the resistance of flue-cured tobacco with different genotypes to Fusarium tobacco root, the resistance was identified by crude toxin stress culture, inoculation of grain culture with fungi, and spore suspension culture. The results showed that the test varieties showed significant differences in resistance, ‘Y2001’, ‘Y2002’, ‘Changbohuang’, and ‘664-01’ showed resistance to Fusarium oxysporum, and ‘7710’, ‘7713’, ‘Y2007’, ‘Y2008’, ‘Zhongyan 100’ and ‘Xiaohuangjin 1025’ showed susceptibility to F. oxysporum. The identification results of the three inoculation methods were basically consistent, and a total of 4 resistant varieties (lines) were screened.

  Effect of Bacterial Blight on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Physiological Indicators of Common Bean LI Xueqing, FENG Guojun, LIU Dajun, LIU Chang, YAN Zhishan, YANG Xiaoxu 2024, 40 (4):  132-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0032 Abstract + ( 127 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1303KB )   ( 136 ) In order to study a series of physiological changes in common bean after infestation with bacterial blight, different bean bacterial blight resistant varieties, ‘Shuangfeng No.3’ (SF, resistant variety) and ‘Cat's Eye’ (MY, susceptible variety) were used as test materials to determine the effects of common bean bacterial blight on photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, POD, SOD activity and superoxide anion content-accumulation at different times after inoculation. The results showed that: (1) among different resistant varieties, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, stomatal limitation value and water use efficiency of the two varieties showed a downward trend, except for the increase of intercellular CO2 concentration, and the increase and decrease showed MY>SF. (2) Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of the two varieties decreased due to bacterial blight infestation of common beans, and the overall contents showed SF>MY. This indicated that the photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigment contents of SF were less affected by bacterial blight stress of common beans than MY. (3) The overall POD activity of MY was 3 times higher than that of SF, and the SOD activity showed SF>MY. In terms of superoxide anion content-accumulation, the release of SF decreased 2 d earlier than that of MY, and its defense mechanism appeared earlier than MY. It indicated that maintaining high photosynthetic performance was the physiological basis for strong resistance to the bacterial blight of common bean, and both POD and SOD activities can be used as physiological indicators for the identification of resistance to the bacterial blight of common bean.

  Research Progress in Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Pesticides JIANG Bingshan, LI Xi, ZHOU Qin 2024, 40 (4):  140-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0646 Abstract + ( 137 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1242KB )   ( 2733 ) Pesticide is a kind of environmental pollutant with high hazards and difficult to degrade, and pesticide residues cause serious damage to the ecological environment and jeopardize human health. Photoelectrocatalysis has become one of the most promising advanced oxidation technologies for degrading pesticide residues due to its advantages of safety, environmental protection, strong oxidizing ability and easy operation. The basic principle of photoelectrocatalytic degradation of pesticides, commonly used electrode materials and preparation methods are reported in this study, with emphasis on summarizing the latest applications of photoelectrocatalytic degradation of pesticides. And the effects of light source, pH and other influencing factors on pesticide degradation are evaluated, which provide the basis for short-term practical applications. However, there are fewer research studies on actual pesticide wastewater degradation, and the degradation of actual pesticide wastewater in the future should be emphasized in addition to the electrode material improvement.

  Research on Estimation Model of Aboveground Nitrogen Concentration in Drip Irrigation Cotton Based on Machine Learning Algorithm WANG Pengxiang, CHEN Xiangyu, WEI Chunyue, MA Yiru, QIN Shizhe, ZHOU Zexuan, ZHANG Ze 2024, 40 (4):  148-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0110 Abstract + ( 134 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 3032KB )   ( 124 ) Aboveground nitrogen concentration is an important indicator for accurately diagnosing crop nitrogen abundance and deficiency and thus evaluating its growth status. By constructing a hyperspectral-based nitrogen concentration estimation model for aboveground nitrogen concentration in drip-irrigated cotton, the real-time, non-destructive and accurate acquisition of nitrogen content in cotton can be realized, providing theoretical basis and technical support for precise fertilization. Six N application treatments (0, 120, 240, 348, 360, 480 kg/hm2 of pure N) were set up with the main cotton cultivars ‘Xinluzao 45’ and ‘Xinluzao 53’ in northern Xinjiang as the test varieties. Measuring the hyperspectral information of the cotton canopy and removing redundancy using functional transformations, the first- and second-order derivative screening results were similar, and the logarithmic screening of the inverse was more scattered. Machine learning weight ordering was used for feature screening, and a total of seven feature bands, including 359, 371, 751, 752, 746, 739, and 755 nm, were selected. We also traversed the wavelength combinations to optimize the vegetation indices associated with high nitrogen in previous studies, and selected seven spectral indices including RVI′810,460, NDVI′811,856, NDVI′750,705, RVI′740,720, RVI′851,852, DVI′359,360, NDVI′851,852. The filtered feature bands and vegetation indices were used to establish a nutrient estimation model with cotton nitrogen using ridge regression, decision tree, bootstrap clustering, and enhancement learning algorithms, respectively. Finally, the aboveground nitrogen concentration estimation model of drip-irrigated cotton established by the Adaboost iterative algorithm was the most effective, with a model accuracy of R2 reaching 0.911 and an RMSE of 1.362. Spectral information can be used to effectively invert the nitrogen nutritional status of cotton, and the estimation accuracy of the model constructed based on the vegetation index is more stable than that of the feature band; the optimization of the existing feature band of the vegetation index can effectively improve the estimation accuracy of the model; comparing and analyzing the accuracy of the model under different modeling methods, the integrated learning is more advantageous than the single-machine learning in the nitrogen nutritional estimation of cotton.

  Identification of Various Plant Leaf Diseases Based on Multi-feature BP Neural Network MA Na, REN Yuxiang 2024, 40 (4):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1025 Abstract + ( 121 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1896KB )   ( 62 ) In order to accurately identify the health status of plants and better manage the health of plants, this study took healthy and diseased leaves of pomegranate, lemon and mango plants as the research objects, and designed BP neural network model to identify the health status of plants. Firstly, the color and shape features of plant leaves were extracted, then the texture features of plant leaves were extracted by wavelet transform, and the dimension of extracted feature data was reduced by PCA method. Secondly, BP neural network model was established to classify and recognize plants. The recognition accuracy of different feature combinations was up to 83.9%. The BP neural network based on color, shape and texture features has the best recognition effect, and can identify the disease of various plant leaf conveniently and efficiently.