Screening of Maize Varieties for Maize-soybean Strip Compound Planting in Zhongshan Region of Chongqing

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0656

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to identify suitable maize varieties for maize-soybean strip intercropping promotion in the hilly areas of Chongqing. Using 24 maize varieties and the soybean variety ‘Yudou 11’ as experimental materials, with a 4:2 row ratio configuration of soybean to maize, the agronomic traits, yield and component traits of different maize varieties were compared, as well as the yield and component traits of soybeans under maize-soybean strip composite planting. The results revealed significant variations in maize plant characteristics under the intercropping system, with coefficient of variation (CV) reaching 74.13% for barren plants and over 100% for lodging rate, indicating substantial genotypic differences. Grain yield showed significant positive correlations with ear diameter, kernels per row, 100-kernel weight, bulk density and kernel length (P<0.05), while demonstrating highly significant negative correlations with barren plant rate and a significant negative correlations with ear tip barrenness. Path analysis showed the direct path coefficient for grain yield in ear length (0.484), kernel rows per ear (0.272), and 100-kernel weight (0.334) had direct positive effects on grain yield. The yield of 'Xianyu 1171', 'Keda 202', 'Jindan 9', 'Sanxiayu 23' and 'Jingyu 719' in all aspects of the performance was better, which were 10790.65 kg/hm², 10034.5 kg/hm², 9780.23 kg/hm², 9595.40 kg/hm² and 9442.72 kg/hm², respectively, with an increase of 45.31%, 35.13%, 31.7%, 28.73% and 26.54%, respectively compared to the control. Significant differences were observed in the yield and yield components of 'Yudou 11' when intercropped with different maize varieties. Except for 'Jingyu 719' (618.84 kg/hm²), soybean yields intercropped with other maize varieties showed reductions compared to the control. Among them, the reductions in soybean yield were relatively lower when intercropped with 'Xida 889', 'Xianyu 1171', 'Yudan 32', 'Aiheyu 058', 'Rongyufengzan', and 'Sanxiayu 23', with reductions of 2.86%, 6.41%, 7.09%, 7.15%, 8.54%, and 8.7%, respectively. Comprehensive analysis identified 'Xianyu 1171', 'Sanxiayu 23', and 'Jingyu 719' as optimal varieties, which demonstrated superior agronomic performance, higher maize yields, and minimal negative impacts on soybean productivity, and making them suitable for maize-soybean strip intercropping systems in Chongqing's hilly regions.

Key words: Zhongshan area of Chongqing, corn-soybean strip compound planting, corn, soybean, yield, variety screening

DONG Yifei, FENG Yunchao, GAO Mengyang, TAN Chun, XIANG Zhenfan, YANG Lian, HUANG Meixia, YAN Qingjiu, HUO Shiping. Screening of Maize Varieties for Maize-soybean Strip Compound Planting in Zhongshan Region of Chongqing[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(23): 17-24.

Figures/Tables 6

References 26

[1]	魏艳骄, 何岭, 张慧艳, 等. 中国大豆进口依赖性风险生成机理分析:基于相互依存视角[J]. 大豆科学, 2023, 42(6):757-768.
[2]	殷瑞锋. 未来中国大豆进口量仍将保持高位[J]. 中国农民合作社, 2023(10):28-31.
[3]	全海恩, 高维新. 中国大豆国际贸易的现状、问题及对策[J]. 天津商务职业学院学报, 2020, 8(5):12-17.
[4]	郑祖庭. 2023年国内外大豆市场回顾及2024年展望[J]. 黑龙江粮食, 2024(2):23-26,12.
[5]	殷东生, 沈海龙. 森林植物耐荫性及其形态和生理适应性研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(8):2687-2698. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201608.018
[6]	安建刚, 张晓, 梁建秋, 等. 间作玉米-大豆青贮适收期探索及大豆农艺性状关联分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(36):40-47. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0967
[7]	刘婷, 刘卫国, 任梦露, 等. 遮荫程度对不同耐荫性大豆品种光合及抗倒程度的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(8):1466-1475. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.08.004
[8]	丁炳春. 大豆品种主要性状与气候因素的关系[J]. 大豆通报, 2002, 11(2):18.
[9]	陈红, 尹学伟, 杨明, 等. 适宜重庆地区套作的大豆品种筛选[J]. 南方农业, 2014, 8(34):36-37.
[10]	胡吕良, 汤灏军, 鄢竞哲, 等. 湖北省大豆玉米带状复合种植模式玉米品种筛选[J]. 中国农技推广, 2023, 39(6):35-37.
[11]	LOMOLINO M V. Elevation gradients of species-density: Historical and prospective views[J]. Global ecology & biogeography, 2010, 10(1):3-13.
[12]	张兴端, 霍仕平, 李求文, 等. 海拔高度对武陵山区玉米品种生育期和产量的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2006(3):99-101,106.
[13]	霍仕平, 晏庆九, 黄文章. 纬度和海拔对西南春玉米区中熟玉米品种生育期的效应[J]. 作物学报, 1995(3):380-384.
[14]	亓翠玲, 杨贵华, 陈珂, 等. 大豆玉米带状复合种植模式下玉米品种筛选试验[J]. 中国农技推广, 2024, 40(3):30-32.
[15]	韩乐乐. 宿州地区大豆—玉米带状复合种植技术模式[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2023, 29(31):34-37.
[16]	许莹莹, 马青美, 宋希云, 等. 不同纬度和海拔对西南春玉米区中熟玉米品种生育期的效应玉米品种倒伏抗性与产量相关性状的聚类和相关分析[J]. 玉米科学, 2019, 27(5):15-21.
[17]	亓翠玲, 杨贵华, 顾鹏, 等. 济南市大豆玉米带状复合种植模式下大豆品种筛选试验[J]. 中国种业, 2024(3):95-98.
[18]	玄英实, 孙元宏, 尚志刚, 等. 吉林省东部山区大豆玉米带状复合种植品种组合筛选[J]. 延边大学农学学报, 2023, 45(2):21-26.
[19]	汤复跃, 梁江, 郭小红, 等. 广西间作大豆耐荫性综合评价及鉴定指标筛选[J]. 大豆科学, 2022, 41(6):645-653.
[20]	覃思思, 刘卫国, 程彬, 等. 套作大豆耐荫品种筛选及农艺性状与产量的关系研究[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2020, 42(3):390-400.
[21]	赵小光, 赵兴忠, 刘颢萌, 等. 玉米大豆间作对大豆农艺、品质和产量性状的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(8):18-24. doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0022
[22]	钱素菊, 周萍, 崔岭, 等. 适合江苏沿海地区大豆玉米带状复合种植模式的玉米品种的筛选[J]. 大麦与谷类科学, 2023, 40(4):16-24.
[23]	周旭梅, 高旭东, 高洪敏, 等. 8个粮饲兼用玉米新品种产量与主要农艺性状的相关分析及综合评价[J]. 辽宁农业科学, 2024(3):29-32.
[24]	于亚利, 贾文凯, 王春宏, 等. 春玉米叶片SPAD值与氮含量及产量的相关性研究[J]. 玉米科学, 2011, 19(4):89-92,97.
[25]	张正, 董春林, 杨睿, 等. 不同类型玉米品种产量与穗部性状的相关性分析[J]. 中国种业, 2022(2):80-84.
[26]	刘玄, 王梅, 李玉龙, 等. 玉米主要农艺性状相关性分析[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2021, 27(24):39-41,79.

编码	品种名称	生育期/d	编码	品种名称	生育期/d
1	科大229	116	13	三峡玉23	128
2	奥星568	129	14	犇玉1号	133
3	渝单32	128	15	渝单821	131
4	明科玉8号	132	16	渝单59	133
5	资玉39	128	17(ck)	渝单722	129
6	西大889	124	18	劲单9号	125
7	兴农一号	130	19	渝青玉12号	130
8	晶玉719	126	20	科大202	130
9	艾禾玉058	127	21	先玉1171	124
10	荣玉丰赞	128	22	辽禾308	130
11	川单99	128	23	科大201	130
12	大爱12	132	24	渝单805	130

编码	品种名称	生育期/d	编码	品种名称	生育期/d
1	科大229	116	13	三峡玉23	128
2	奥星568	129	14	犇玉1号	133
3	渝单32	128	15	渝单821	131
4	明科玉8号	132	16	渝单59	133
5	资玉39	128	17(ck)	渝单722	129
6	西大889	124	18	劲单9号	125
7	兴农一号	130	19	渝青玉12号	130
8	晶玉719	126	20	科大202	130
9	艾禾玉058	127	21	先玉1171	124
10	荣玉丰赞	128	22	辽禾308	130
11	川单99	128	23	科大201	130
12	大爱12	132	24	渝单805	130

性状	代号	最大值	最小值	极差	平均值	标准差	变异系数/%	F值
株高/cm	X₁	349.29	266.24	83.05	311.64	20.19	6.48	20.49^**
穗位高/cm	X₂	166.71	102.00	64.71	130.15	15.97	12.27	22.18^**
茎粗/cm	X₃	2.48	1.98	0.5	2.32	0.11	4.7	2.496^**
叶绿素	X₄	58.80	50.46	8.34	54.47	1.63	2.99	2.529^**
持绿叶数/n	X₅	14.86	11.33	3.53	13.10	0.90	6.87	4.59^**
空杆率/%	X₆	7.44	0.00	7.44	2.28	1.69	74.13	3.58^**
倒折率/%	X₇	9.80	0.26	9.54	2.33	2.28	97.85	3.39^**
倒伏率/%	X₈	49.90	0.00	49.90	10.70	13.96	130.47	2.31^**
穗长/cm	X₉	22.47	16.63	5.84	19.87	1.42	7.15	10.37^**
穗粗/cm	X₁₀	5.90	4.93	0.97	5.47	0.26	4.75	22.19^**
秃尖/cm	X₁₁	2.03	0.27	1.76	1.01	0.39	38.61	8.07^**
穗行数/n	X12	19.80	13.87	5.93	16.94	1.70	10.04	30.96**
行粒数/n	X13	43.80	32.40	11.40	38.11	3.31	8.69	10.34**
百粒重/g	X14	37.06	24.75	12.31	32.11	3.21	10	7.78**
容重/g	X15	758.67	697.5	61.17	723.54	16.82	2.32	2.98**
籽粒长/cm	X16	1.58	1.17	0.41	1.40	0.09	6.43	3.76**
产量/kg/hm²	X17	10790.7	6307.45	4483.25	8941.8	1021.92	11.43	4.01**

性状	代号	最大值	最小值	极差	平均值	标准差	变异系数/%	F值
株高/cm	X₁	349.29	266.24	83.05	311.64	20.19	6.48	20.49^**
穗位高/cm	X₂	166.71	102.00	64.71	130.15	15.97	12.27	22.18^**
茎粗/cm	X₃	2.48	1.98	0.5	2.32	0.11	4.7	2.496^**
叶绿素	X₄	58.80	50.46	8.34	54.47	1.63	2.99	2.529^**
持绿叶数/n	X₅	14.86	11.33	3.53	13.10	0.90	6.87	4.59^**
空杆率/%	X₆	7.44	0.00	7.44	2.28	1.69	74.13	3.58^**
倒折率/%	X₇	9.80	0.26	9.54	2.33	2.28	97.85	3.39^**
倒伏率/%	X₈	49.90	0.00	49.90	10.70	13.96	130.47	2.31^**
穗长/cm	X₉	22.47	16.63	5.84	19.87	1.42	7.15	10.37^**
穗粗/cm	X₁₀	5.90	4.93	0.97	5.47	0.26	4.75	22.19^**
秃尖/cm	X₁₁	2.03	0.27	1.76	1.01	0.39	38.61	8.07^**
穗行数/n	X12	19.80	13.87	5.93	16.94	1.70	10.04	30.96**
行粒数/n	X13	43.80	32.40	11.40	38.11	3.31	8.69	10.34**
百粒重/g	X14	37.06	24.75	12.31	32.11	3.21	10	7.78**
容重/g	X15	758.67	697.5	61.17	723.54	16.82	2.32	2.98**
籽粒长/cm	X16	1.58	1.17	0.41	1.40	0.09	6.43	3.76**
产量/kg/hm²	X17	10790.7	6307.45	4483.25	8941.8	1021.92	11.43	4.01**

		X₁	X₂			X₃		X₄						X₁₀					X₁₅	X₁₆	X₁₇
X₁		1
X₂		0.688^**	1
X₃		0.001	0.159			1
X₄		0.056	0.018			0.032		1
X₅	0.466^**			0.595^**	0.1		0.196		1
X₆	0.118			0.177	0.189		-0.052		0.072	1
X₇	-0.011			0.159	0.186		-0.309^**		0.112	0.016	1
X₈	0.142			0.218	0.065		-0.182		0.183	0.206	0.434^**	1
X₉	0.472^**			0.370^**	0.078		0.018		0.374^**	-0.036	0.159	0.298^*	1
X10	-0.004			0.019	0.198		0.195		0.103	0.157	-0.135	-0.088	0.014	1
X11	0.215			0.153	0.016		0.062		0.134	0.243*	-0.187	-0.18	0.185	-0.053	1
X12	-0.301*			-0.246*	-0.009		-0.141		-0.279*	0.009	-0.038	-0.093	-0.057	0.486**	0.002	1
X13	0.417**			0.305**	0.037		0.029		0.257*	-0.213	0.384**	0.336**	0.734**	-0.269*	-0.011	-0.303**	1
X14	0.135			0.037	0.214		0.402**		0.173	0.15	-0.373**	-0.044	-0.068	0.383**	-0.087	-0.274*	-0.253*	1
X15	-0.16			-0.284*	-0.094		0.116		-0.102	0.086	-0.304**	-0.237*	-0.173	-0.191	0.247*	0.066	-0.228	0.051	1
X16	0.016			-0.164	-0.008		0.026		-0.023	-0.095	-0.06	-0.134	-0.042	0.488**	-0.104	0.211	-0.106	0.244*	-0.216	1
X17	0.202			-0.021	-0.084		0.091		0.102	-0.362**	-0.092	0.149	0.457**	0.261*	-0.245*	0.142	0.278*	0.234*	0.236*	0.277*	1